In the present study, green nanomaterials were synthesized using hawthorn plant extract as a natural stabilizer, reducing and capping agent. Biosynthesized CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and the coupled CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites (NCs) have been verified by various techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR and Uv–Vis. The average size about 24.2 nm was estimated for the composite crystals of SEM images and XRD (by the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods). The EDS results showed a mole ratio of 1:1 for the CdS NPs and 1:2 for CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite. Photocatalytic activity studies have shown that green synthesized CdS/Fe₃O₄ NCs (dosage: 0.1 g/L) have high photocatalytic activity toward photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) 1.2 × 10^–5 M in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. Impacts of reaction conditions such as solution pH of rage (3–10) and contact time for about 105 min on the photodegradation rate of MO dye by CdS/Fe₃O₄ NCs photocatalysts have been investigated. Photocatalytic experimental results showed that the highest photodegradation rates occurred in a basic solutions at pH 10. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model for photodegradation of MO. The adsorption kinetics results showed that degradation rate was increased toward increase of pH of 3 to 10 with apparent rate constant (0.090, 0.107, 0.187 and 0.268 min⁻¹), respectively. In addition, the antibacterial effect of CdS/Fe₃O₄ NCs against pathogenic bacteria was tested, which revealed that nanocomposites had moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Enterobacter aeruginosa) and gram-negative (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia) at different concentrations of CdS/Fe₃O₄ NCs (0.001 to 0.025 g/ml).

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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山楂提取物对甲基橙染料的光降解绿色合成CdS NPs和CdS / Fe 3 O 4 NCs

在本研究中，使用山楂植物提取物作为天然稳定剂，还原剂和封端剂合成了绿色纳米材料。生物合成的CdS纳米颗粒（NPs）和耦合的CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄纳米复合材料（NCs）已通过各种技术进行了验证，例如XRD，SEM，EDS，TEM，FTIR和Uv-Vis。对于SEM图像和XRD的复合晶体，通过Scherrer和Williamson-Hall方法估计平均尺寸约为24.2nm。EDS结果显示，CdS NP的摩尔比为1：1，CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄纳米复合物的摩尔比为1：2 。光催化活性研究表明，绿色合成的CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄NCs（剂量：0.1 g / L）对 水溶液在紫外线照射下对甲基橙（MO）1.2×10 ^–5 M的光催化降解具有很高的光催化活性。研究了反应条件（例如溶液的pH值（3-10）和约105分钟的接触时间）对CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄ NCs光催化剂对MO染料的光降解速率的影响。光催化实验结果表明，在pH为10的碱性溶液中，最高的光降解速率发生在MO的光催化降解过程中。吸附动力学结果表明，随着表观速率常数（0.090、0.107、0.187和0.268 min ^-1）， 分别。此外，测试了CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄ NCs对致病菌的抗菌作用，这表明纳米复合材料对革兰氏阳性菌（铜绿肠杆菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌和不同浓度的CdS / Fe ₃ O ₄ NCs（0.001至0.025 g / ml）中的肺炎克雷伯菌。

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