The dominance of aeolian processes in arid areas created a harsh environment in these regions for soil and vegetation where soil fertility, ecosystem productivity, air clarity, and human health is dependent to aeolian activities and rate of dust emission. Biological soil crusts (bio-crusts) are the communities of living organisms on the soil surface which play an important role in soil ecosystem services in arid land. Lichens are known as organisms that can accumulate certain elements or substances at high concentrations in the atmosphere. The relation between lichens species and soil geochemistry as well as dust capture in geomorphic zones in north-eastern Iran were studied. Different lichens species and soil particles were analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The results of XRF and XRD analysis showed lichen crusts affected soil mineralisation. By creating microtopography, indicated the lichens trapped dust. They also increased the amount of clay on the soil surface. The results indicted the significant role of lichens in soil ecosystem services dryland.

在干旱地区，风成过程的主导地位为这些地区的土壤和植被创造了恶劣的环境，在这些地区，土壤肥力，生态系统生产力，空气清晰度和人类健康取决于风成活动和粉尘排放率。生物土壤结皮（生物结皮）是土壤表面的生物有机体，在干旱地区的土壤生态系统服务中发挥着重要作用。地衣被称为生物体，可以在大气中以高浓度积累某些元素或物质。研究了伊朗东北部地貌区地衣物种与土壤地球化学以及粉尘捕集之间的关系。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS）分析了不同的地衣物种和土壤颗粒。XRF和XRD分析的结果表明地衣壳影响土壤矿化。通过创建微形貌，表明地衣捕获了灰尘。他们还增加了土壤表面的粘土含量。结果表明地衣在旱地土壤生态系统服务中的重要作用。