Three targets for pulsed laser deposition (PLD), having different morphology were used to deposit FTO thin film on three glass substrates to fabricate three FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Silver perovskite solar cells. 5000 pulses of KrF excimer laser (348 nm, 50 Hz, 10 ns), having 1.2J energy were used to ablate FTO targets. Absorption, transmittance, resistivity, charge mobility and bandgap of deposited FTO thin film were observed to be dependent on target morphology. SEM micrographs of FTO layer reviled significant changes in smoothness and compactness of the thin films due to change in target morphology. Random three dimensional structures of FTO are observed on FTO layer by AFM. These random structures played very important role in improvement of solar cell performance. Maximum efficiency of 12.5% was achieved for proposed FTO/SnO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Silver solar cell.

使用具有不同形态的三个脉冲激光沉积（PLD）靶在三个玻璃基板上沉积FTO薄膜以制造三个FTO / SnO ₂/钙钛矿/ spiro-OMeTAD /银钙钛矿太阳能电池。使用具有1.2J能量的5000脉冲KrF准分子激光（348 nm，50 Hz，10 ns）消融FTO目标。观察到沉积的FTO薄膜的吸收率，透射率，电阻率，电荷迁移率和带隙取决于目标形态。由于目标形态的变化，FTO层的SEM显微照片显示出薄膜的光滑度和致密性显着变化。通过AFM在FTO层上观察到FTO的随机三维结构。这些随机结构在改善太阳能电池性能中起着非常重要的作用。拟议的FTO / SnO ₂ /钙钛矿/螺-OMeTAD /银太阳能电池的最高效率达到了12.5％。