Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is a commonly used reductive agent in pollutant removal. However, the aggregation of S-nZVI can lower its reduction capacity in the water, and its regeneration remains challenging. To overcome these limitations, one-pot fast pyrolysis of FeSO₄-loaded lignocellulosic biomass was proposed to obtain highly stable biochar-supported S-nZVI (S-nZVI/BC) nanoparticles. During this process, Fe²⁺ were reduced and sulfuretted in situ to form S-nZVI and subsequently covered by the freshly formed carbon film. A series of S-nZVI/BCs pyrolyzed at different temperatures (500-1000°C) were prepared, among which S-nZVI/BC pyrolyzed at 800 ^oC (S-nZVI/BC-800) exhibited a fast and stable removal of diclofenac (DCF) via adsorption and reduction. The DCF removal efficiency of S-nZVI/BC-800 reached 80.1% within 4 h, with a particle dosage of 0.5 g/L and Fe dosage of 1 mmol/g. The adsorption and reduction efficiencies of DCF by S-nZVI/BC-800 were 43.2% and 36.9%, respectively. The improved reactivity of S-nZVI/BC-800 can be attributed to the formation of iron sulfides (i.e., FeS and Fe_1−xS) in ZVI particles, which increased the electrical conductivity and improved the material selectivity for the reduction of DCF in the water. S-nZVI/BC-800 could be easily regenerated through pyrolysis, during which the carbon film could act as the electron donor. This study provides a facile and skillful method to prepare a highly stable and refreshable S-nZVI, which could be a promising permeable reactive bed material for the remediation of halogenated organic pollutants in contaminated water.

硫化物改性的纳米零价铁（S-nZVI）是污染物去除中常用的还原剂。然而，S-nZVI的聚集会降低其在水中的还原能力，并且其再生仍然具有挑战性。为了克服这些限制，提出了一锅法快速热解负载FeSO _4的木质纤维素生物质，以获得高度稳定的生物炭负载S-nZVI（S-nZVI / BC）纳米粒子。在此过程中，Fe ²⁺被还原并原位硫化，形成S-nZVI，随后被新形成的碳膜覆盖。/制备在不同的温度（500-1000℃）下热解的BC一系列S-的nZVI的，其中的S-的nZVI / BC热解在800 ^Ô C（S-nZVI / BC-800）具有吸附和还原作用，可快速，稳定地去除双氯芬酸（DCF）。S-nZVI / BC-800的DCF去除率在4  h内达到80.1％，颗粒剂量为0.5  g / L，Fe剂量为1  mmol / g。S-nZVI / BC-800对DCF的吸附和还原效率分别为43.2％和36.9％。S-nZVI / BC-800反应活性的提高可归因于硫化铁的形成（即FeS和Fe _1-xSVI）在ZVI颗粒中，这增加了电导率并提高了材料选择性以减少水中的DCF。S-nZVI / BC-800可以通过热解容易地再生，在此期间碳膜可以充当电子给体。这项研究为制备高度稳定和可更新的S-nZVI提供了一种简便而熟练的方法，它可能是一种有前途的可渗透反应床材料，用于修复污水中的卤代有机污染物。