Background

Addictions share common etiological factors associated with personality vulnerabilities such as narcissism or emotional instability. Also, there are gender differences in the type of and risk for addiction (e.g., men may be more prone to addictions, overall). These are considerably less understood in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) than in substance use disorders. This study aimed to investigate associations between profiles of six potential BAs (study, shopping, gaming, Facebook, pornography, and food) and gender, personality, and well-being among Polish emerging adults, as a partial replication and extension of previous work.

Participants and procedure

In a paper-and-pencil cross-sectional study, 1182 Polish undergraduate students (mean age = 20.33 years; SD = 1.68) completed questionnaires measuring six potential BAs alongside questions on demographic variables, personality traits (Big Five, narcissism), and well-being indicators (general quality of life, health quality, sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and hopelessness).

Results

Using latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: (1) elevated levels of study, Facebook, shopping, and food addictions; (2) elevated levels of gaming and pornography addictions; (3) low or average levels of all potential BAs, and (4) highest levels of all potential BAs. The second and fourth profiles included men predominantly, and the first profile included almost exclusively women. The fourth profile, in comparison to all other profiles, demonstrated significantly higher scores on all potential BAs, narcissism, lowest conscientiousness and emotional stability, and lowest well-being.

Conclusions

The results suggest that there is a general proclivity to potential BAs. Furthermore, there are gender-specific profiles of potential BAs, which at present are poorly understood.

中文翻译：

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潜在行为成瘾的严重程度及其与性别，性格和幸福感的关系的描述：以人为中心的方法

背景

成瘾具有与人格脆弱性相关的常见病因，例如自恋或情绪不稳。此外，成瘾的类型和风险也存在性别差异（例如，总体而言，男性可能更容易成瘾）。与行为成瘾（BAs）相比，对这些成瘾的了解远少于对物质使用障碍的了解。这项研究旨在调查六个潜在学士（学习，购物，游戏，Facebook，色情和食物）的个人资料与波兰新兴成年人中的性别，性格和幸福之间的关联，作为对先前工作的部分复制和扩展。

参加者及程序

在纸笔横断面研究中，1182名波兰大学生（平均年龄= 20.33岁； SD = 1.68）完成了问卷调查，该问卷测量了六个潜在的学士学位以及有关人口统计学变量，人格特质（大五岁，自恋）的问题，以及-指标（生活质量，健康质量，睡眠质量，感知的压力，焦虑和绝望感）。

结果

使用潜在特征分析，可以识别出四个特征：（1）学习，Facebook，购物和食物成瘾水平升高；（2）游戏和色情成瘾水平升高；（3）所有潜在BA的最低或平均水平，以及（4）所有潜在BA的最高水平。第二个和第四个配置文件主要包含男性，第一个配置文件几乎仅包含女性。与所有其他配置文件相比，第四种配置文件在所有潜在的BA，自恋，最低的尽责性和情绪稳定性以及最低的幸福感方面得分均明显更高。

结论

结果表明，潜在BA普遍具有普遍性。此外，存在潜在BA的按性别划分的概况，目前对此知之甚少。