Croton tetradenius Baill. is an aromatic plant species whose essential oils have high economic importance. Its incorporation into Active Germplasm Banks is essential for conservation and future use, yet its genetic variability must be observed. The objective of this study was to estimate the genomic diversity and structure of C. tetradenius in the native populations in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, to include it in the Active Germplasm Bank of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Federal University of Sergipe, using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 38 plants were collected from four municipalities (Porto da Folha, Poço Redondo, Lagarto, and Pacatuba) in the State of Sergipe. The sequencing of the genomic libraries by genotyping the sequencing of C. tetradenius resulted in the identification of 1387 high-quality SNPs. The average genetic diversity was low (H_O < H_E = 0.086; I = 0.143; f = 0.099). The analysis of molecular variance revealed a greater genetic variation between the locations (95%), while the genetic differentiation between the locations was low (F_ST = 0.041–0.062). The discriminant analysis of principal components showed a great overlap of the Lagarto and Poço Redondo plants, indicating that the recent habitat fragmentation may isolate the populations. Based on these results, additional collections from a large number of individuals in the four populations were evaluated. In other regions of occurrence, it will be useful to increase the representation of the existing genetic diversity of C. tetradenius that is now maintained at the Active Germplasm Bank.

巴豆tetradenius保尔。是一种芳香植物，其精油具有很高的经济重要性。将其纳入活性种质库对于保存和将来使用是必不可少的，但是必须观察其遗传变异性。这项研究的目的是评估巴西塞尔希培州原住民种群中C.tetradenius的基因组多样性和结构，将其包括在塞尔希培联邦大学的药用和芳香植物活性种质库中，方法如下：单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记。从塞尔希培州的四个城市（波尔图达富哈，波索雷东多，拉加托和帕卡图巴）收集了38种植物。在基因组文库的基因分型的测序测序C. tetradenius结果鉴定出1387个高质量SNP。平均遗传多样性很低（H _O  <H _E  = 0.086； I = 0.143；f  = 0.099）。分子方差分析显示位置之间的遗传变异更大（95％），而位置之间的遗传分化则较低（F _ST = 0.041–0.062）。主成分的判别分析显示，Lagarto和PoçoRedondo植物有很大的重叠，表明最近的生境破碎化可能隔离了种群。基于这些结果，评估了来自四个种群中大量个体的其他集合。在其他发生地区，增加现存于活跃种质库中的C.tetradenius现有遗传多样性的代表性将是有用的。