SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States,Ecology

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SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
Ecology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353
Michael V Cove ₁ , Roland Kays _{2,

3} , Helen Bontrager ₁ , Claire Bresnan ₁ , Monica Lasky ₃ , Taylor Frerichs ₁ , Renee Klann ₁ , Thomas E Lee ₄ , Seth C Crockett ₄ , Anthony P Crupi ₅ , Katherine C B Weiss _{6,

7} , Helen Rowe ₈ , Tiffany Sprague ₈ , Jan Schipper ₇ , Chelsey Tellez _{6,

7} , Christopher A Lepczyk ₉ , Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk ₉ , Scott LaPoint ₁₀ , Jacque Williamson ₁₁ , M Caitlin Fisher-Reid ₁₂ , Sean M King ₁₂ , Alexandra J Bebko ₁₂ , Petros Chrysafis ₁₃ , Alex J Jensen ₁₄ , David S Jachowski ₁₄ , Joshua Sands ₁₅ , Kelly Anne MacCombie ₁₅ , Daniel J Herrera ₁₆ , Marius van der Merwe ₁₇ , Travis W Knowles ₁₈ , Robert V Horan ₁₉ , Michael S Rentz ₂₀ , LaRoy S E Brandt ₂₁ , Christopher Nagy ₂₂ , Brandon T Barton ₂₃ , Weston C Thompson ₂₃ , Sean P Maher ₂₄ , Andrea K Darracq ₂₅ , George Hess ₃ , Arielle W Parsons ₃ , Brenna Wells ₃ , Gary W Roemer ₂₆ , Cristian J Hernandez ₂₆ , Matthew E Gompper ₂₆ , Stephen L Webb ₂₇ , John P Vanek ₂₈ , Diana J R Lafferty ₂₉ , Amelia M Bergquist ₂₉ , Tru Hubbard ₂₉ , Tavis Forrester ₃₀ , Darren Clark ₃₀ , Connor Cincotta ₃₁ , Jorie Favreau ₃₁ , Aaron N Facka ₃₂ , Michelle Halbur ₃₃ , Steven Hammerich ₃₃ , Morgan Gray ₃₃ , Christine C Rega-Brodsky ₃₄ , Caleb Durbin ₃₄ , Elizabeth A Flaherty ₃₅ , Jarred M Brooke ₃₅ , Stephanie S Coster ₃₆ , Richard G Lathrop ₃₇ , Katarina Russell ₃₇ , Daniel A Bogan ₃₈ , Rachel Cliché ₃₉ , Hila Shamon ₁ , Melissa T R Hawkins _{40,

41} , Sharyn B Marks ₄₁ , Robert C Lonsinger ₄₂ , M Teague O'Mara ₄₃ , Justin A Compton ₄₄ , Melinda Fowler ₄₄ , Erika L Barthelmess ₄₅ , Katherine E Andy ₄₅ , Jerrold L Belant ₄₆ , Dean E Beyer ₄₇ , Todd M Kautz ₄₆ , Daniel G Scognamillo ₄₈ , Christopher M Schalk ₄₈ , Matthew S Leslie ₄₉ , Sophie L Nasrallah ₄₉ , Caroline N Ellison ₅₀ , Chip Ruthven ₅₀ , Sarah Fritts ₅₁ , Jaquelyn Tleimat ₅₁ , Mandy Gay ₅₁ , Christopher A Whittier ₅₂ , Sean A Neiswenter ₅₃ , Robert Pelletier ₅₃ , Brett A DeGregorio ₅₄ , Erin K Kuprewicz ₅₅ , Miranda L Davis ₅₅ , Adrienne Dykstra ₅₆ , David S Mason ₅₆ , Carolina Baruzzi ₅₇ , Marcus A Lashley ₅₆ , Derek R Risch ₅₈ , Melissa R Price ₅₈ , Maximilian L Allen _{59,

60} , Laura S Whipple ₆₀ , Jinelle H Sperry ₆₁ , Robert H Hagen ₆₂ , Alessio Mortelliti ₆₃ , Bryn E Evans ₆₃ , Colin E Studds ₆₄ , Alexej P K Sirén ₆₅ , Jillian Kilborn ₆₆ , Chris Sutherland ₆₅ , Paige Warren ₆₅ , Todd Fuller ₆₅ , Nyeema C Harris ₆₇ , Neil H Carter ₆₈ , Edward Trout ₆₉ , Marketa Zimova ₆₈ , Sean T Giery ₇₀ , Fabiola Iannarilli ₇₁ , Summer D Higdon ₇₂ , Ronald S Revord ₇₂ , Christopher P Hansen ₇₃ , Joshua J Millspaugh ₇₃ , Adam Zorn ₇₄ , John F Benson ₇₅ , Nathaniel H Wehr ₇₅ , Jaylin N Solberg ₇₆ , Brian D Gerber ₇₇ , Jessica C Burr ₇₇ , Jennifer Sevin ₇₈ , Austin M Green ₇₉ , Çağan H Şekercioğlu _{79,

80} , Mary Pendergast ₈₁ , Kelsey A Barnick ₇₉ , Andrew J Edelman ₈₂ , Joanne R Wasdin ₈₂ , Andrea Romero ₈₃ , Brian J O'Neill ₈₃ , Noel Schmitz ₈₃ , Jesse M Alston ₈₄ , Kellie M Kuhn ₈₅ , Damon B Lesmeister ₈₆ , Mark A Linnell ₈₆ , Cara L Appel ₈₇ , Christopher Rota ₈₈ , Jennifer L Stenglein ₈₉ , Christine Anhalt-Depies ₈₉ , Carrie Nelson ₉₀ , Robert A Long ₉₁ , Kodi Jo Jaspers ₉₁ , Kathryn R Remine ₉₁ , Mark J Jordan ₉₂ , Daniel Davis ₉₃ , Haydée Hernández-Yáñez ₁ , Jennifer Y Zhao ₁ , William J McShea ₁

Affiliation

Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA.
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA.
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA.
Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA.
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA.
Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA.
McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA.
Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA.
Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA.
California State University, Fresno, California, 93740, USA.
Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA.
Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA.
DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA.
Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA.
Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA.
Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA.
Mianus River Gorge, Bedford, New York, 10506, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA.
Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA.
Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.
Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA.
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA.
Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA.
Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA.
Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA.
Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA.
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.
Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA.
Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA.
Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA.
Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA.
Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA.
Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA.
Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA.
Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA.
Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA.
Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA.
Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA.
Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA.
School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA.
Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA.
Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA.
Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA.
Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA.
Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA.
School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA.
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey.
Wild Utah Project, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84101, USA.
Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA.
Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA.
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA.
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA.
U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA.
Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington, 98103, USA.
Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA.
Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA.

With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August–24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian’s eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban–wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.

中文翻译：

SNAPSHOT USA 2019：美国协调的国家相机陷阱调查

随着全球变化步伐的加快，我们必须快速了解野生动物的状况和分布情况，以进行生态推断和保护规划。为了应对这一挑战，我们启动了 SNAPSHOT USA 项目，这是一项在美国各地使用相机陷阱对陆地野生动物种群进行的合作调查。对于我们的第一次年度调查，我们在 14 周内（2019 年 8 月 17 日至 11 月 24 日）汇总了所有 50 个州的数据。我们从覆盖四个开发区的 12 个不同生态区的 110 个相机陷阱阵列中的 1,509 个相机陷阱地点对野生动物进行了采样。这项工作导致对 83 种哺乳动物和 17 种鸟类进行了 166,036 次独特检测。所有图像都通过史密森学会的 eMammal 相机陷阱数据存储库进行处理，并包括专家审查阶段以确保数据的分类准确性，从而使每张图片至少经过两次审查。结果代表了美国及时和标准化的相机陷阱调查。此处提供所有 2019 年调查数据。我们目前正在 2020 年秋季重复调查，为其他机构和合作伙伴提供机会扩大覆盖该国所有城市 - 野生梯度和生态地貌区域。随着数据库在 eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa 上的更新，未来的数据将可用，未来的数据论文提交也将如此。这些数据将有助于当地和宏观生态研究，包括社区集会的检查，环境和人为景观变量的影响、分裂和灭绝债务动态的影响，以及特定物种的人口动态和保护行动计划。没有版权限制；使用数据发表时请引用本文。

更新日期：2021-06-08

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