Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the four major cut-flower plants worldwide and possesses both high ornamental value and cultural connotation. As most chrysanthemum varieties flower in autumn, it is costly to achieve annual production.JAZgenes in the TIFY family are core components of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway; in addition to playing a pivotal role in plant responses to defense, they are also widely implicated in regulating plant development processes. Here, we characterized the TIFY family geneCmJAZ1-likefrom the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’. CmJAZ1-like localizes in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activity in yeast. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated thatCmJAZ1-likewas most active in the root and shoot apex. OverexpressingCmJAZ1-likewith Jas domain deletion in chrysanthemum resulted in late flowering. RNA-Seq analysis of the overexpression lines revealed some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in flowering, such as the homologs of the flowering integratorsFTandSOC1, an FUL homolog involved in flower meristem identity, AP2 domain-containing transcription factors, MADS box genes, and autonomous pathway-related genes. Based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in carbohydrate metabolic and fatty acid-related pathways, which are notable for their role in flowering in plants. This study preliminarily verified the function ofCmJAZ1-likein chrysanthemum flowering, and the results can be used in molecular breeding programs aimed at flowering time regulation of chrysanthemum.

中文翻译：

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CmJAZ1样基因的过表达延迟了菊花的开花

菊花 (菊花)是世界四大切花植物之一，具有很高的观赏价值和文化内涵。由于大多数菊花品种秋季开花，实现年产成本较高。爵士TIFY 家族基因是茉莉酸 (JA) 信号通路的核心成分；除了在植物对防御的反应中发挥关键作用外，它们还广泛参与调节植物发育过程。在这里，我们表征了 TIFY 家族基因CmJAZ1样来自菊花品种'金巴'。CmJAZ1 样定位在细胞核中，在酵母中没有转录活性。组织表达模式分析表明CmJAZ1样最活跃于根和茎尖。过度表达CmJAZ1样菊花中 Jas 结构域缺失导致开花晚。过表达系的 RNA-Seq 分析揭示了一些与开花有关的差异表达基因 (DEG)，例如开花整合子的同源物英尺和SOC1，一个 FUL 同源物，涉及花分生组织身份、含有 AP2 结构域的转录因子、MADS 盒基因和自主通路相关基因。基于KEGG通路富集分析，差异转录基因富集在碳水化合物代谢和脂肪酸相关通路中，这些通路在植物开花中的作用是显着的。本研究初步验证了CmJAZ1样研究结果可用于菊花开花时间调控的分子育种计划。