The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale (TESS) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) are questionnaires widely used in studies of trauma and dissociation. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Persian versions of these questionnaires among a total of 230 individuals from the cities of Kermanshah and Sarpol-e Zahab that had experienced 2017 Iran earthquake. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original five-factor solution for the TESS. Two principal component analyses resulted in a four-component solution for a revised version of the scale. PDEQ scores, TESS scores, and its sub-scales, were found to significantly correlate with a PTSD measure with their effect sizes ranging from medium to large according to Cohen's guidelines. Furthermore, significant correlations between two sub-scales of the CTQ and a dissociation measure were found with medium effect sizes. Consequently, reliability and validity measures obtained from the sample of this study were supportive of the use of the Persian versions of the TESS, the PDEQ, and the CTQ among Persian-speaking populations. Further research on psychological responses to earthquakes and other natural disasters can provide the opportunity for cross-cultural comparisons in terms of specific resilience factors and vulnerabilities following mass trauma.

中文翻译：

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波斯语版本的童年创伤问卷、创伤暴露严重程度量表和围创伤分离体验问卷的有效性、可靠性和内部一致性

童年创伤问卷 (CTQ)、创伤暴露严重程度量表 (TESS) 和创伤后分离体验问卷 (PDEQ) 是广泛用于创伤和分离研究的问卷。本研究旨在检查来自 Kermanshah 和 Sarpol-e Zahab 市的 230 名经历过 2017 年伊朗地震的调查问卷的波斯语版本的有效性。验证性因素分析的结果不支持 TESS 的原始五因素解决方案。两个主成分分析得出了修订版量表的四成分解决方案。发现 PDEQ 分数、TESS 分数及其子量表与 PTSD 测量显着相关，根据 Cohen 的指南，它们的影响大小从中等到大不等。此外，发现 CTQ 的两个子量表和解离量度之间的显着相关性，具有中等效应量。因此，从本研究样本中获得的信度和效度指标支持在波斯语人群中使用波斯语版本的 TESS、PDEQ 和 CTQ。对地震和其他自然灾害的心理反应的进一步研究可以为跨文化比较在大规模创伤后的特定恢复力因素和脆弱性方面提供机会。以及波斯语人群中的 CTQ。对地震和其他自然灾害的心理反应的进一步研究可以为跨文化比较在大规模创伤后的特定恢复力因素和脆弱性方面提供机会。以及波斯语人群中的 CTQ。对地震和其他自然灾害的心理反应的进一步研究可以为跨文化比较在大规模创伤后的特定恢复力因素和脆弱性方面提供机会。