Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), an illness characterized by multiple personality states, has long been a controversial diagnosis within the psychiatric community. Demonstrating a neuroanatomical basis for the disorder may help to resolve the controversy. Current literature on the neuroanatomy associated with DID has focused on the hippocampus and amygdala and are inconclusive. This meta-analysis pools the results from n = 3 studies to compare the mean size of these two structures between DID patients, non-DID patients, and healthy controls. Patients diagnosed with both DID & PTSD were found to have smaller hippocampi bilaterally (p< .001) compared to healthy controls; no significant difference was seen in the amygdala. When comparing DID to PTSD patients, the left hippocampus was smaller (p< .001), with a trend for a smaller right hippocampus (p = .06). A comparison of the amygdala was not possible due to a lack of data. These findings suggest that a smaller hippocampus is seen in DID patients beyond what is seen for PTSD, provides neuroanatomical evidence for the memory impairment often seen in DID patients (i.e., amnesia experienced by the host and alters), and presents a potentially novel means to understand this disorder.

中文翻译：

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分离性身份障碍患者海马和杏仁核体积的荟萃分析

分离性身份障碍 (DID) 是一种以多重人格状态为特征的疾病，长期以来一直是精神病学界有争议的诊断。证明该疾病的神经解剖学基础可能有助于解决争议。目前关于与 DID 相关的神经解剖学的文献主要集中在海马和杏仁核上，尚无定论。该荟萃分析汇集了 n = 3 项研究的结果，以比较 DID 患者、非 DID 患者和健康对照之间这两种结构的平均大小。与健康对照相比，被诊断为 DID 和 PTSD 的患者双侧海马体更小 (p < .001)；在杏仁核中没有看到显着差异。将 DID 与 PTSD 患者进行比较时，左侧海马体较小 (p<.001)，具有较小的右侧海马体趋势（p = .06）。由于缺乏数据，无法对杏仁核进行比较。这些发现表明，在 DID 患者中看到的海马体较小，超出了 PTSD 的范围，为 DID 患者中常见的记忆障碍（即宿主和改变者经历的健忘症）提供了神经解剖学证据，并提供了一种潜在的新方法了解这种障碍。