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Experimentally guided development of a food bait for European fire ants
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13053 Danielle Hoefele 1 , Jaime M. Chalissery 1 , Asim Renyard 1 , Gerhard Gries 1
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13053 Danielle Hoefele 1 , Jaime M. Chalissery 1 , Asim Renyard 1 , Gerhard Gries 1
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Deployment of lethal food baits could become a control tactic for the invasive European fire ant (EFA), Myrmica rubra L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), because foraging ants carry the lethal food to their nest and share it with their nest mates, ultimately causing the demise of nests. Our objective was to develop a food bait that elicits a strong foraging response from EFAs, has extended shelf life, and is cost-effective to produce. To develop a bait composition with ‘ant appeal’, we ran two separate field experiments testing pre-selected carbohydrate sources (oranges, apples, bananas) and protein/lipid sources [tuna, pollen, sunflower seeds, mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)]. Whereas foraging EFAs responded equally well to the three types of carbohydrates, they preferred mealworms to all other protein/lipid sources. In a follow-up laboratory experiment, the combination of apples and mealworms elicited a stronger foraging response from EFAs than either apples or mealworms alone. To help reduce bait ingredient costs, we tested house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), as a less expensive mealworm alternative and found crickets and mealworms comparably appealing. Addressing the shelf life of baits, we tested freeze-dried and heat-dried apple/cricket combinations. Rehydrated freeze-dried baits proved as appealing as fresh baits and superior to rehydrated heat-dried baits, suggesting that freeze-drying may retain essential nutrients and/or aroma constituents. Insecticide-laced baits had no off-putting effect on foraging responses of worker ants and caused significant mortality. As freeze-drying is expensive, further research should investigate the preservation of moist food baits or the development of dry baits that are hydrated prior to deployment.
中文翻译：
欧洲火蚁食物诱饵的实验指导开发
部署致命的食物诱饵可能成为入侵欧洲火蚁（EFA）Myrmica rubra L.（膜翅目：蚁科）的一种控制策略，因为觅食的蚂蚁会将致命的食物带到它们的巢穴并与它们的巢穴伙伴分享，最终导致巢的消亡。我们的目标是开发一种食物诱饵，它可以引起 EFA 强烈的觅食反应，延长保质期，并且生产成本效益高。为了开发具有“蚂蚁吸引力”的诱饵组合物，我们进行了两个单独的田间实验，测试预选的碳水化合物来源（橙子、苹果、香蕉）和蛋白质/脂质来源 [金枪鱼、花粉、葵花籽、粉虫（黄粉虫）L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)]。虽然觅食 EFA 对三种碳水化合物的反应同样好，但与所有其他蛋白质/脂质来源相比，他们更喜欢粉虫。在后续实验室实验中，与单独使用苹果或粉虫相比，苹果和粉虫的组合引起了 EFA 更强的觅食反应。为了帮助降低饵料原料成本，我们测试的房子蟋蟀Acheta domesticus(L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)，作为一种较便宜的粉虫替代品，发现蟋蟀和粉虫相当有吸引力。针对诱饵的保质期，我们测试了冻干和热干苹果/蟋蟀组合。再水化冻干饵被证明与新鲜饵一样有吸引力，而且优于再水化热干饵，这表明冻干可以保留必需的营养成分和/或香气成分。含杀虫剂的诱饵对工蚁的觅食反应没有不利影响，并导致显着的死亡率。由于冷冻干燥是昂贵的，进一步的研究应该调查潮湿食物诱饵的保存或在部署之前水合的干诱饵的开发。
更新日期：2021-04-01
中文翻译：
欧洲火蚁食物诱饵的实验指导开发
部署致命的食物诱饵可能成为入侵欧洲火蚁（EFA）Myrmica rubra L.（膜翅目：蚁科）的一种控制策略，因为觅食的蚂蚁会将致命的食物带到它们的巢穴并与它们的巢穴伙伴分享，最终导致巢的消亡。我们的目标是开发一种食物诱饵，它可以引起 EFA 强烈的觅食反应，延长保质期，并且生产成本效益高。为了开发具有“蚂蚁吸引力”的诱饵组合物，我们进行了两个单独的田间实验，测试预选的碳水化合物来源（橙子、苹果、香蕉）和蛋白质/脂质来源 [金枪鱼、花粉、葵花籽、粉虫（黄粉虫）L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)]。虽然觅食 EFA 对三种碳水化合物的反应同样好，但与所有其他蛋白质/脂质来源相比，他们更喜欢粉虫。在后续实验室实验中，与单独使用苹果或粉虫相比，苹果和粉虫的组合引起了 EFA 更强的觅食反应。为了帮助降低饵料原料成本，我们测试的房子蟋蟀Acheta domesticus(L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)，作为一种较便宜的粉虫替代品，发现蟋蟀和粉虫相当有吸引力。针对诱饵的保质期，我们测试了冻干和热干苹果/蟋蟀组合。再水化冻干饵被证明与新鲜饵一样有吸引力，而且优于再水化热干饵，这表明冻干可以保留必需的营养成分和/或香气成分。含杀虫剂的诱饵对工蚁的觅食反应没有不利影响，并导致显着的死亡率。由于冷冻干燥是昂贵的，进一步的研究应该调查潮湿食物诱饵的保存或在部署之前水合的干诱饵的开发。
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