In view of the differences between Chinese and German regulations of bolt end distance, experiments for connection specimens with different bolt end distances were designed and conducted. The finite element models took into account the material nonlinearities, geometry nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities. The major factors were selected, and parametric studies were performed. It is found that FEA (finite element analysis) were in good agreement with the experimental results. The ultimate carrying capacity increases with the increase of bolt end distance. It is recommended to extend the minimum allowable bolt end distance to within 1.2d₀, but it’s carrying capacity should be appropriately decreased. When the bolt end distance e₁ is less than 1.2d₀, the bolts were torn off at the end. When the bolt end distance e₁ is greater than or equal to 1.2d₀, the specimens damaged of their ultimate carrying capacities. The increase of bolt diameter and number has little influence on the ultimate carrying capacities of specimens, but all of them indicate good ductility. Finally, using the analysis data and combining with the calculation method of the ultimate bearing capacity of the bolt connection in Chinese codes, the proposed formula when the bolt end distance e₁ is in the range of 1.2d₀ to 4d₀ were proposed, and the finite element calculation verification is carried out.

针对中德螺栓端距规定的差异，设计并进行了不同螺栓端距的连接件试验。有限元模型考虑了材料非线性，几何非线性和接触非线性。选择主要因素，并进行参数研究。发现有限元分析（FEA）与实验结果吻合良好。极限承载力随螺栓端部距离的增加而增加。建议将最小允许螺栓末端距离延长到1.2 d ₀以内，但应适当降低其承载能力。当螺栓末端距离e ₁小于1.2时d ₀，最后将螺栓拆下。当螺栓末端距离e ₁大于或等于1.2 d _0时，试样的最终承载力会受损。螺栓直径和数量的增加对试样的极限承载力影响不大，但它们均显示出良好的延展性。最后，利用分析数据并结合中文代码中螺栓连接的极限承载力的计算方法，提出了螺栓端部距离e ₁在1.2 d ₀至4 d ₀范围内时的建议公式。 提出了有限元计算方法，并进行了验证。