Simultaneous data from two interferometers separated by 16 km and synchronized within 100 ns were collected for a thunderstorm near Langmuir Lab on October 23, 2018. Analysis via triangulation followed by a least squares fit to time of arrival across all six antennae produced a three‐dimensional interferometer (3DINTF) data set. Simultaneous Lightning Mapping Array data enabled an independent calculation of 3DINTF accuracy, yielding a median location uncertainty of 200 m. This is the most accurate verified result to date for a two‐station interferometer. The 3D data allowed profiling the velocity of multiple dart leaders and K leaders that followed the same channel. 3D velocities calculated from the in‐cloud initiation site to ground ranged from 3 × 10⁶ to 20 × 10⁶ m/s. Average velocity generally increased with subsequent leaders, consistent with increased conditioning of the channel. Also, all leaders showed a factor of 2–3 decrease in velocity as they proceeded over 15 km of channel. We speculate that the velocity decrease is consistent with energy lost in the reionization of the channel at the leader tip. This paper includes an appendix providing details of the triangulation technique used.

中文翻译：

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从起始位置到终止时间的Dart-Leader和K-Leader速度-通过3D干涉测量法解析

于2018年10月23日在Langmuir实验室附近为雷暴收集了两个相距16 km，在100 ns内同步的干涉仪的同时数据。通过三角测量进行分析，然后对所有六个天线的到达时间进行最小二乘拟合，产生了三维干涉仪（3DINTF）数据集。同时闪电映射阵列数据可实现3DINTF精度的独立计算，从而产生200 m的中值位置不确定性。对于两站干涉仪，这是迄今为止最准确的验证结果。3D数据允许对跟随同一通道的多个飞镖首领和K首领的速度进行分析。从云内初始站点到地面的3D速度范围为3×10 ⁶到20×10 ⁶ 小姐。平均速度通常随着随后的引导者而增加，这与通道的调节性增加相一致。此外，所有领导者在前进15公里的航道时都显示出速度降低了2-3倍。我们推测速度降低与在导引尖端处通道的电离过程中损失的能量一致。本文包括一个附录，详细介绍了所使用的三角剖分技术。