Introduction: While vitamin deficiency after bariatric surgery has been repeatedly described, few studies have focused on adequate micronutrient status. In this study, we examine the prevalence of vitamin and micronutrient deficiency for the first 3 years after surgery. Methods: Out of 1,216 patients undergoing surgery, 485 who underwent postoperative follow-up in an outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2019 were included in this evaluation (76.9% women, mean age 42 ± 12 years, mean BMI: year 1, 33.9 ± 19.2; year 2, 29.7 ± 8.7; year 3, 26.2 ± 4.0). Weight and cardiovascular risk factors as well as ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, 25-OH-vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium were evaluated. Deficits were defined as follows: ferritin #x3c;15 µg/L, vitamin B12 #x3c;197 pg/mL, folic acid #x3c;4.4 ng/mL, 25-OH-vitamin D #x3c;75 nmol/L, vitamin A #x3c;1.05 µmol/L, vitamin E #x3c;12 µmol/L, zinc #x3c;0.54 mg/L, copper #x3c;0.81 mg/L, and selenium #x3c;50 µg/L. All patients underwent dietary counselling and substitution of the respective deficits as appropriate. Results: One year after bariatric surgery, 485 patients completed follow-up. This number decreased to 114 patients in year 2, and 80 patients in year 3. Overall, 42.7% (n = 207) underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 43.7% (n = 211) Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass, and 13.9% (n = 67) gastric banding. The following deficits were found (year 1/2/3): ferritin, 21.6/35.0/32.5%; vitamin B12, 14.3/1.8/6.3%; folic acid, 29.7/21.6/15.3%; 25-OH-vitamin D, 70.8/67.0/57.4%; vitamin A, 13.2/8.9/12.8%; vitamin E, 0%; zinc, 1.7/0/1.5%; copper, 10.4/12.2/11.9%; selenium, 11.1/4.3/0%. Conclusion: As seen in other studies, the follow-up frequency decreased over the years. Despite intensive substitution, the extent of some deficiencies increased or did not improve. These results suggest reinforcing measures to motivate patients for regular follow-up visits, considering closer monitoring schedules, and improving supplementation strategies.
Obes Facts

中文翻译：

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减肥手术后微量营养素缺乏症的患病率

简介：虽然减肥手术后维生素缺乏的情况已被多次描述，但很少有研究关注充足的微量营养素状况。在这项研究中，我们检查了术后前 3 年维生素和微量营养素缺乏症的患病率。方法：在 1,216 名接受手术的患者中，2010 年至 2019 年间在门诊接受术后随访的 485 名患者被纳入本次评估（76.9% 为女性，平均年龄 42 ± 12 岁，平均 BMI：第 1 年，33.9 ± 19.2 ；第 2 年，29.7 ± 8.7；第 3 年，26.2 ± 4.0）。评估了体重和心血管危险因素以及铁蛋白、维生素 B12、叶酸、25-OH-维生素 D、维生素 A、维生素 E、锌、铜和硒。缺陷定义如下：铁蛋白 #x3c；15 µg/L，维生素 B12 #x3c；197 pg/mL，叶酸 #x3c；4.4 ng/mL，25-OH-维生素 D #x3c；75 nmol/L，维生素A #x3c；1.05 µmol/L、维生素 E #x3c；12 µmol/L、锌 #x3c；0.54 mg/L、铜 #x3c；0.81 mg/L 和硒 #x3c；50 µg/L。所有患者均接受饮食咨询并酌情弥补各自的缺陷。结果：减肥手术一年后，485 名患者完成了随访。第 2 年，这一数字减少到 114 名患者，第 3 年减少到 80 名患者。总体而言，42.7% ( n = 207) 接受了袖状胃切除术，43.7% ( n = 211) 接受了 Roux-en-Y 胃旁路手术，13.9% ( n = 211) 接受了 Roux-en-Y 胃旁路手术。 n = 67) 胃束带。发现以下缺陷（1/2/3 年）：铁蛋白，21.6/35.0/32.5%；维生素B12，14.3/1.8/6.3%；叶酸，29.7/21.6/15.3%；25-OH-维生素D，70.8/67.0/57.4%；维生素A，13.2/8.9/12.8%；维生素E，0%；锌，1.7/0/1.5%；铜，10.4/12.2/11.9%；硒，11.1/4.3/0%。结论：正如其他研究中所见，随访频率逐年下降。尽管进行了密集替代，但一些缺陷的程度有所增加或没有改善。这些结果建议加强措施，激励患者定期随访，考虑更密切的监测计划，并改进补充策略。
肥胖事实