The issue of capital structure in an enterprise is often described in the literature on the subject; however, theories are classified into various approaches, and their characteristics are often limited to selected theories. This work is an attempt at a synthetic presentation of the theory of capital structure. The aim of the article was to review and try to organise the most important theories of capital structure, paying attention to the influence of capital structure on the processes of creating value. The paper also highlights the most important theoretical works in this area. The study consists of two main parts. The first part indicates the diversity of defining the concepts of capital structure and indicates the approaches in classifying this structure. The second part characterises the theories of capital structure in the context of value creation. Based on the presented theories, it can be stated that there is no agreement as to whether and to what extent capital structure translates into the process of creating enterprise value. Therefore, it seems justified to conduct appropriate empirical research in this respect.

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资本结构对公司价值的影响-文献综述

企业的资本结构问题经常在有关该主题的文献中有所描述。然而，理论被分类为各种方法，并且它们的特征通常限于所选择的理论。这项工作是对资本结构理论的综合介绍。本文旨在回顾和尝试组织最重要的资本结构理论，并关注资本结构对创造价值过程的影响。本文还重点介绍了该领域最重要的理论著作。该研究包括两个主要部分。第一部分说明了定义资本结构概念的多样性，并指出了对该结构进行分类的方法。第二部分描述了价值创造背景下的资本结构理论。根据提出的理论，可以说，关于资本结构是否以及在何种程度上转化为创造企业价值的过程，没有达成共识。因此，在这方面进行适当的经验研究似乎是合理的。