In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Colorado
• Tommy E. Jackson (bio) and Tamela C. Thomas (bio)

Colorado's budget lists $31.7 billion as the amount for total funds in its state. Analyst suggests the figure is closer to $30.3 billion due to double-counted dollars and exclusion of spending on state capital projects.¹ The current budget requires three percent less spending than the state previously anticipated.² Additionally, to balance the budget, the state used various one-time funds to address a $3.07 billion deficit. Notably, one-time funds used to cover this multi-billion-dollar deficit will not be available for the next budget cycle. Revenue from the general fund is projected to decrease and will continue to reduce by 10.5 percent in the upcoming fiscal year.³ The Polis administration projected tax revenue to decrease by half, which, assuredly, forces the governor to make budget cuts via executive order.⁴ This projection highlights the state treasurer's warning that Colorado was the only state in the country that did not have enough reserves to manage an economic recession.⁵ Governor Polis, through House Bill 1420, abrogated multiple tax breaks to generate new revenue that generated close to $180 million. The state will redirect those funds to education and reduce the deficit presented by the budget.

funding priorities for p-12 and/or higher education

The Colorado General Assembly approved a budget that cut education funding drastically. K-12 and higher education funding were reduced by $621 million and $598 million, respectively.⁶ The Joint Budget Committee's (JBC) most extensive budget cuts derive from K-12 schools, higher education, and healthcare.⁷ Education accounts for approximately 40 percent of Colorado's general fund; therefore, the JBC deemed it [End Page 254] impossible to make such massive cuts without reducing the number of funds directed toward education. Though education took a massive cut to its budget, Governor Polis redirected stimulus funds—$510 million—to K-12 and $450 million to higher education to account for the reduction.

The JBC also proposed a $225 million reduction to the state's contributions to the Public Employees'Retirement Association (PERA) system.⁸ Additionally, the JBC recommended reducing the state's cash reserves, which legally must be 7.25 percent of the general fund⁹. Along with the reserve reduction, the state must now redirect more than $160 million in healthcare funds that typically extend care to uninsured and Medicaid citizens.

The State of Colorado funding priorities FY 2020-2021:

• Health Care–12.025 billion

• K-12 Education–5.604 billion

• HigherEducation–3.971 billion

• Human Services–2.274 billion

• Judicial–824 million

• Corrections–959 million.¹⁰

changes to funding formula p-12 and/or higher education

Colorado's funding formula is criticized for being outdated and unreasonably distributing more funds to well-to-do districts than poorer districts in the state. The 25-year-old formula has been redrafted and voted on previously, but the revised formula failed due to politically-charged reasons and the voters'refusal of a tax increase for schools.¹¹ In Colorado, the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) decrees voters must approve tax increases, and with the previous rejection of Amendment 73, funding will continue to be an issue for changing the funding formula.

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and/or higher education funding

Colorado is in the midst of a recession that has already affected the FY 2020-2021 budget. There are economic projections that state the budget will decrease further due to the state's struggling economy. In response to the impact of Covid-19 on the Colorado budget, the JBC estimated a 23.6 percent reduction to the general fund. At the end of 2019, the general fund was approximately $13.617 billion, but by mid-2020, the fund decreased to $10.755 billion, approximately a 21 percent reduction.¹² Colorado's most pressing economic issue is its economic recovery after the state closed due to Covid-19. [End Page 255]

exclusive to p-12: what are the alternatives to traditional public schools offered by the state? what does the trend in funding look like for these alternatives?

Colorado has 1,914 schools, 415 being...

中文翻译：

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科罗拉多州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 科罗拉多州
• 汤米·杰克逊（生物）和塔梅拉·托马斯（生物）

科罗拉多州的预算列出了317亿美元作为该州总资金的数额。分析师认为，由于重复计算的美元和不计国家资本项目的支出，这一数字已接近303亿美元。¹当前预算要求的支出比该州先前的预期少3％。²此外，为了平衡预算，纽约州使用了各种一次性基金来解决30.7亿美元的赤字。值得注意的是，用于弥补这一数十亿美元赤字的一次性资金将无法用于下一个预算周期。普通基金的收入预计将减少，并且在下一个财政年度将继续减少10.5％。³Polis政府预计税收将减少一半，这肯定会迫使州长通过行政命令削减预算。⁴此预测突出了州财政部长的警告，即科罗拉多州是该国唯一没有足够储备来管理经济衰退的州。⁵州长波利斯（Polis）通过1420年众议院法案（House Bill 1420）废除了多次减税措施，以产生新收入，产生近1.8亿美元。该州将把这些资金用于教育，并减少预算中提出的赤字。

p -12和/或高等教育的资助重点

科罗拉多大会批准了一项预算，该预算大大削减了教育经费。K-12和高等教育的资金分别减少了6.21亿美元和5.98亿美元。⁶联合预算委员会（JBC）最广泛的预算削减来自K-12学校，高等教育和医疗保健。⁷教育约占科罗拉多州普通基金的40％；因此，JBC认为[End Page 254]不可能在不减少教育经费的情况下进行如此大规模的削减。尽管教育大幅削减了预算，但州长波利斯却将刺激资金（5.1亿美元）重新分配给K-12，并把4.5亿美元重新分配给了高等教育，以弥补这一减少。

JBC还提议减少该州对公共雇员退休协会（PERA）系统的捐款2.25亿美元。⁸此外，JBC建议减少该州的现金储备，该储备金在法律上必须为普通基金的7.25％⁹。除了减少准备金外，该州现在还必须重新分配超过1.6亿美元的医疗保健资金，这些资金通常会将医疗服务扩大到无保险和医疗补助的公民。

科罗拉多州2020-2021财年的资金优先事项：

• 卫生保健– 120.25亿美元

• K-12教育– 56.04亿

• 高等教育– 39.71亿

• 人类服务– 22.74亿

• 司法部门– 8.24亿

• 更正– 9.95亿。¹⁰

更改资助公式p -12和/或高等教育

批评科罗拉多州的筹资方式过时，不合理地向富裕地区分配了比该州较贫困地区更多的资金。已有25年历史的公式经过重新起草并进行了投票，但由于政治上的原因以及选民拒绝对学校增税，修订后的公式未能通过。¹¹在科罗拉多州，《纳税人权利法案》（TABOR）颁布了一项法令，选民必须批准增税，并且由于先前拒绝了第73号修正案，因此，资金筹措仍将是改变筹资方式的一个问题。

影响p -12和/或高等教育经费的紧迫国家问题

科罗拉多州正处于经济衰退之中，已经影响了2020-2021财年的预算。有经济预测表明，由于该州经济不景气，预算将进一步减少。为了回应Covid-19对科罗拉多州预算的影响，JBC估计普通基金将减少23.6％。截至2019年底，普通基金约为136.17亿美元，但到2020年中，该基金减少至107.55亿美元，减少了约21％。¹²科罗拉多州最紧迫的经济问题是由于Covid-19州关闭后的经济复苏。[结束页255]

第-12页专有：国家提供的替代传统公立学校的方法有哪些？这些替代方案的资金趋势如何？

科罗拉多州有1,914所学校，其中415所...