In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Delaware
• Tommy E. Jackson (bio)

Delaware Governor, John Carney, signed the 2021 operating budget of $4.5 billion. The budget grew 2.1 percent, including over $50 million in grants-in-aid and over $700 million attributed to the Bond & Capital Improvements Act.¹ The approved budget did not cut jobs, nor did the budget impose new taxes on Delawareans. Though the $4.5 billion budget was signed on July 1, the budget is less than the $4.64 billion budget plan Governor Carey proposed in January 2020.2 The Office of Management and Budget used 98 percent of available revenues to increase its reserves in response to the economic downturn.³ Additionally, the governor called for more than $160 million over the constitutionally mandated 2 percent for reserves.⁴

The state initially planned a $4.6 billion budget that included a Delaware state-record $893 million bond bill, subsequently was reduced due to revenue decreases. In order to reduce the $893 millions bond bill, the state reduced funding to clean water initiatives, cut business incentives for the following fiscal year, and cut special funding opportunities for public and private colleges.⁵

funding priorities for p-12 and/or higher education

According to Governor Carney, Delaware's budget plan is to improve the state economy, strengthen public schools, and maintain the unique quality of life to which Delawareans have become accustomed.⁶ Moreover, the budget invests in new school construction, clean drinking water, and waterways. Lastly, the legislature used the budget to make vast investments in infrastructures like roads, bridges, and public transportation.⁷ Delaware's funding priorities are as follows: [End Page 260]

• Public Education–1.65 billion

• Health and Social Services–1.24 billion

• Corrections–351 million

• Higher Education–252.7 million

• Services for Children, Youth, and Families–191.9 million⁸

changes to funding formula p-12 and/or higher education

Delaware has a 70-year-old funding formula that is based on units. The units are determined by number of students, academic performance, and classification.⁹ The current funding formula is the source of much contention because many Delawareans suggest the formula is outdated and does not account for the needs of English Language Learners or impoverished students.¹⁰ Because local districts are funded disproportionately, Delaware has one of the most inequitable funding systems in the country.¹¹ The disproportionate funding is due to local school districts, through a vote, setting the tax rate applied to assessed property value within the school's county.¹² This is significant because many counties in Delaware have not reassessed properties in decades, which created significant issues of equity. The property assessments are not on par with the increased market value of Delaware. The market value of Delaware's assessed valuation only represents $25.7 billion, although the actual value is approximately $118.9 billion.¹³ Therefore, many citizens in Delaware have requested the funding formula be changed to meet the needs of the diverse student population in the state.

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and/or higher education funding

One of Delaware's most pressing issues is the economic recovery needed post COVID-19 shutdowns across the state. Due to the large number of jobs lost due to Delaware's economic contraction, many of its citizens are amid foreclosures and delinquencies.

exclusive to p-12: what are the alternatives to traditional public schools offered by the state? what does the trend in funding look like for these alternatives?

Delaware's school choice law has been in effect since 1996, with alternatives such as charter schools and vocational schools. Delaware enrolls approximately 20,000 of its 41,000 high school students in Pathway programs¹⁴. Delaware currently serves over 16,000 students enrolled in 26 career pathway programs over 16 comprehensive districts, three [End Page 261] technical districts, 11 charter schools, and adjudicated youth¹⁵. A $458 million grant funds pathways at all 16 school districts and one charter school¹⁶. This programming has become essential to education in Delaware because it provides students with a career path, an alternative to college prep, and in some cases, certifications that add value to a diploma.

total dollar amount for delaware...

中文翻译：

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特拉华州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 特拉华州
• 汤米·杰克逊（传记）

特拉华州州长约翰·卡尼（John Carney）签署了2021年45亿美元的运营预算。预算增长了2.1％，其中包括超过5,000万美元的援助赠款，以及超过7亿美元的《债券与资本改善法》。¹批准的预算没有裁员，预算也没有对特拉华州人征收新税。尽管在7月1日签署了45亿美元的预算，但该预算仍低于总督凯里在2020.2年1月提出的46.4亿美元的预算计划。为了应对经济下滑，管理和预算办公室动用了98％的可用收入来增加储备金。³此外，州长要求在宪法规定的2％的储备金基础上，要求拨款超过1.6亿美元。⁴

该州最初计划的预算为46亿美元，其中包括特拉华州创纪录的8.93亿美元债券，后来由于收入减少而减少。为了减少8.93亿美元的债券费用，该州减少了用于清洁水项目的资金，削减了下一财政年度的商业激励措施，并削减了公立和私立大学的特殊资助机会。⁵

p -12和/或高等教育的资助重点

根据州长卡尼（Carney）的说法，特拉华州的预算计划是改善州经济，加强公立学校，并保持特拉华州人已习惯的独特生活质量。⁶此外，预算还投资于新学校建设，清洁饮用水和水道。最后，立法机关使用预算对道路，桥梁和公共交通等基础设施进行了大量投资。⁷特拉华州的资金筹措重点如下：[结束第260页]

• 公共教育– 16.5亿

• 卫生和社会服务– 12.4亿

• 更正– 3.51亿

• 高等教育– 2.527亿

• 儿童，青年和家庭服务– 1.919亿美元⁸

更改资助公式p -12和/或高等教育

特拉华州已有70年的以单位为基础的供资公式。单位取决于学生人数，学业成绩和分类。⁹当前的供资公式是很多争论的根源，因为许多特拉华州人认为该公式已经过时，不能满足英语学习者或贫困学生的需求。¹⁰因为当地地区的资金分配不均衡，所以特拉华州拥有该国最不公平的资金系统之一。¹¹过多的资金来自地方学区，通过投票确定了适用于学校县内评估财产价值的税率。¹²这很重要，因为数十年来特拉华州的许多县都没有重新评估财产，这造成了重大的公平问题。财产评估与特拉华州增加的市场价值不相称。特拉华州的评估市值仅代表257亿美元，尽管实际价值约为1189亿美元。¹³因此，特拉华州的许多公民都要求更改资助方式，以满足该州多样化学生群体的需求。

影响p -12和/或高等教育经费的紧迫国家问题

特拉华州最紧迫的问题之一是全州COVID-19关闭后需要的经济复苏。由于特拉华州的经济紧缩导致大量工作机会流失，其许多公民正处于丧失抵押品赎回权和拖欠债务的状态。

第-12页专有：国家提供的替代传统公立学校的方法有哪些？这些替代方案的资金趋势如何？

特拉华州的择校法自1996年起生效，并有特许学校和职业学校等替代方法。特拉华州招收了41,000名高中学生中的20,000名，参加了Pathway课程¹⁴。特拉华州目前在16个综合区，三个[End Page 261]技术区，11个特许学校和青少年青少年^15的26个职业发展计划中招收了16,000多名学生。4.56亿美元的赠款基金在所有16个学区和一所特许学校中筹集资金¹⁶。该计划已成为特拉华州教育中必不可少的课程，因为它为学生提供了职业发展道路，大学预科课程的替代方法，并且在某些情况下，还可以为文凭课程增加价值的证书。

特拉华州的总美元金额...