In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Indiana
• Scott Rodger Sweetland (bio)

funding priorities

The education priority in Indiana grew from $11.11 billion of $31.6 billion total appropriations in FY 2016 to $11.75 billion of $39.2 billion total appropriations in FY 2020.¹ Total appropriations grew by 24.1 percent for the period; education appropriations grew by 5.8 percent. As a percent of total appropriations, education's share decreased from 35.2 percent in FY 2016 to 30.0 percent in FY 2020. Comparatively, the health and human services sector share increased from 43.8 percent in FY 2016 to 48.9 percent in FY 2020.

Within the education appropriation, the share dedicated to P-12 education was constant in FY 2016 and FY 2020. P-12 education received 82.6 percent of the appropriation that was $11.0 billion in FY 2016 and $11.7 billion in FY 2020. The higher education appropriation increased slightly from 17.2 percent in FY 2016 to 17.3 percent in FY 2020

P-12 education fall membership increased from 1,057,854 in FY 2016 to 1,060,618 in FY 2019.² The annualized growth rate was 1.1 percent compared with the 1.9 percent annualized growth rate of P-12 education funding during the period.³ Indiana's total expenditure per pupil was $11,145 compared to the $13,834 national average in FY 2017.⁴ Indiana ranked 40^th nationally.

changes to funding formula for p-12

Indiana's State Tuition Support includes five grants: 1. Basic Grant, 2. Complexity Grant, 3. Honors Diploma Grant, 4. Special Education Grant, and 5. Career and Technical Education Grant.⁵ The Basic Grant aims to operationalize the state's foundation program. The foundation program amount grew from $4,569 per pupil in FY 2014 to $5,352 per pupil in FY 2019. The Complexity Grant compensates school districts for the additional costs of educating students living in poverty. The Complexity Grant is controversial because formula changes led to lower amounts of funding provided.⁶ The Honors Diploma Grant provides funding to school districts based on the number of honors diplomas awarded. The Honors Diploma Grant program has expanded to [End Page 278] include a greater number of types of honors degrees and more funding per diploma. The Special Education Grant provides funding for special education services across four tiers of need. Funding increased substantially for the highest-need tier: students in programs for severe disabilities. The Career and Technical Education Grant varies with ratings based on assessments of Indiana's workforce needs and wages provided by different occupations.

All five of the grants combine to be State Tuition Support. As percentages of State Tuition Support, the three largest grants provided in FY 2019 were the Basic Grant (76.83 percent), Complexity Grant (10.67 percent), and Special Education Grant (8.14 percent).

pressing state issues affecting p-12 funding

The most pressing issues affecting funding involve repercussions from the COVID-19 pandemic. Schools can anticipate state revenue declines and cuts to state aid. With the beginning of the 2020-2021 school year, online learning was a plausible mode of instruction, posing implications for state aid to schools. Specifically, school districts that did not offer in-person instruction were slated to receive 85 percent of their state aid.⁷ The reduction in aid was due to a state law designed to address virtual charter school funding. In consideration of the pandemic, the governor stepped-in with plans to preserve state aid at 100 percent.⁸ Also in response to the pandemic, remote learning grants were created to advance the development and delivery of remote learning.⁹

Other pressing issues included teacher recruitment, retention, compensation, and retirement plan funding.

alternatives to traditional public school

Indiana has the Choice Scholarship Program that provides education vouchers. There were 326 Choice Scholarship participating schools that served 36,707 students in 2019-20.¹⁰ Choice Scholarship enrollment was 3.19 percent of statewide enrollment. Charter schools enrolled 44,965 students in 2019-20, which was 3.96 percent of statewide enrollment. Non-public school enrollment, excluding Choice Scholarship students, was 47,540 students or 4.19 percent of statewide...

中文翻译：

---

印第安那州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 印第安那州
• 斯科特·罗杰（Scott Rodger Sweetland）（生物）

资金重点

印第安纳州的教育优先重点从2016财年的316亿美元总拨款中的111.1亿美元增加到2020财年的392亿美元总拨款中的117.5亿美元^。1该期间的总拨款增长了24.1％；教育拨款增长了5.8％。教育占总拨款的百分比从2016财年的35.2％下降到2020财年的30.0％。相比之下，卫生和公共服务部门的份额从2016财年的43.8％增加到2020财年的48.9％。

在教育拨款中，用于P-12教育的份额在2016财年和2020财年保持不变。P-12教育获得的拨款为82.6％，2016财年为110亿美元，2020财年为117亿美元。高等教育拨款从2016财年的17.2％略微增长到2020财年的17.3％

P-12教育的秋季会员人数从2016财年的1,057,854增加到2019财年的1,060,618。²年化增长率为1.1％，而同期P-12教育经费的年化增长率为1.9％。³印第安纳步行者队的每名学生的总支出是$ 11,145相比，在2017年财政年度的$ 13,834全国平均水平的⁴印第安纳位列40^个国家。

更改p-12的供资公式

印第安纳州的州学费支持包括五项补助：1.基本补助，2.复杂性补助，3.荣誉文凭补助，4.特殊教育补助和5.职业和技术教育补助。⁵基本补助金旨在实施该州的基金会计划。基础项目的金额从2014财年的每名学生4,569美元增加到2019财年的每名学生5,352美元。“复杂性补助金”用于补偿学区教育贫困学生的额外费用。复杂性补助金是有争议的，因为更改配方会导致提供的资金减少。⁶荣誉文凭助学金根据授予的荣誉文凭的数量向学区提供资金。荣誉文凭授予计划已扩展到[结束页278]包括更多类型的荣誉学位和每个文凭更多的资金。特殊教育补助金为四级需求的特殊教育服务提供资金。最高需求阶层的资金大幅增加：严重残疾计划的学生。职业和技术教育补助金根据对印第安纳州劳动力需求和不同职业提供的工资的评估而有所不同。

所有这五笔赠款组合在一起成为州学费支持。在州学费支持中，2019财年提供的三笔最大赠款是基础赠款（76.83％），复杂性赠款（10.67％）和特殊教育赠款（8.14％）。

紧迫的影响P-12资金的州问题

影响资金筹措的最紧迫问题涉及COVID-19大流行的影响。学校可以预见到州政府收入的下降和州政府援助的削减。从2020-2021学年开始，在线学习已成为一种可行的教学模式，对国家对学校的援助产生了影响。具体来说，不提供现场指导的学区将获得州政府援助的85％。⁷援助减少是由于一项旨在解决虚拟特许学校资助的州法律。考虑到大流行，州长介入计划以将国家援助保持在100％。⁸同样，为应对这一大流行，还设立了远程学习赠款，以促进远程学习的发展和提供。⁹

其他紧迫的问题包括教师招聘，保留，薪酬和退休计划资金。

传统公立学校的替代品

印第安纳州有选择奖学金计划，该计划提供教育券。在2019-20年度，共有326所Choice Choice奖学金参与学校为36,707名学生提供了服务。¹⁰选择奖学金入学率是全州入学率的3.19％。特许学校在2019-20年度招收了44,965名学生，占全州招生人数的3.96％。不包括选择奖学金的学生，非公立学校的入学人数为47,540名学生，占全州范围的4.19％。