In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Michigan
• Brett A. Geier (bio)

The COVID-19 pandemic created a major downturn in the Michigan economy as Governor Whitmer exercised her emergency powers to shutter most of the businesses in Michigan for a small period. Some of the businesses were allowed to reopen but with many protections in place and limited capacity. These restrictions continue to have a negative impact on the Michigan economy. At the May 2020 revenue estimating conference, experts predicted a $6.3 billion shortfall in the next two fiscal years. Michigan's total annual budget is approximately $62 billion. At a follow up revenue conference in August 2020, economists determined the deficit would be just over $900 million. What experts found was that state tax revenues did not take as significant of a hit as initially anticipated, largely because of federal COVID-19 relief funds sent to the state, stimulus programs, and an increase of federal money for unemployment insurance benefits. In addition, Michigan deferred its state income tax collection from spring until summer. While the revenue estimates are not as bad as predicted in late spring 2020, they still show a negative gap, which will adversely impact school budgets.

funding priorities for p-12 and/or higher education

Michigan Public School Educator Retirement System (MPSERS Offset)

The legislature appropriated $155 million to local school districts participating in MPSERS, based on each participating district's percentage of the total statewide payroll for participating districts across the state. These payments are for the purpose of offsetting a portion of the retirement contributions owed by the district for fiscal year (FY) 2021.

MPSERS Retirement CAP Costs

The state allocated $1.22 billion to local districts and intermediate school districts to remit to MPSERS. This funding is used to pay the difference between the uncapped MPSERS contribution rate (36.88 percent of payroll for MIP/Basic), and the capped rate that school employers will pay in FY 2020 (25.56 percent of payroll for MIP/Basic).

At-Risk

The state appropriated $510 million allocated to implement reform in schools with 40 percent or more of pupils identified as at-risk. Students qualify for at-risk monies by being documented as having at least two of six at-risk factors. The definition of eligible pupils is being economically-disadvantaged, which includes those eligible for free or reduced-price meals, living in a household that receives supplemental nutrition, homeless, a migrant, or in foster care. [End Page 299]

Changes to Funding Formula for P-12 and/or Higher Education

Per-pupil funding for each school district is determined by two count days each school year, held in October and February. In a typical year, school districts are required to provide 1,098 hours of instruction over 180 days under current state law to be eligible for funding. Especially for districts continuing remote learning, those policies were daunting this year. Many districts are concerned the ongoing pandemic will drop attendance numbers, resulting in less funding from the state, and were worried about scheduling hours of virtual instruction to meet the minimum requirements.

The plan that was approved waived requirements on minimum instruction hours and days of instruction for the 2020-2021 school year so long as districts demonstrate an ability to provide a full year's worth of instruction. Lawmakers settled on shifting the count funding formula, weighting per-pupil funding for districts based on 75 percent of last year's enrollment numbers and 25 percent of the 2020-2021 school year. In year's past, the funding amount was based on 10 percent of the February count added to 90 percent of the October count. Districts will not be expected to hold in-person count days and can tally attendance virtually.

Growing Districts Categorical

The state included $66 million to make payments for districts whose FY 21 counts exceed the 75-25 "super blend" calculation in effect for the school year.

School Mental Health Grants

Funding that goes for school mental health grants was increased from $30 million to $35.6 million.

Teacher Retention Incentives

$5 million dollars was appropriated to provide incentives for first-year teachers to continue teaching.

Literacy Essentials

The state appropriated $4 million to implement training...

中文翻译：

---

密西根州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 密西根州
• 布雷特·A·盖尔（生物）

当惠特默州长行使紧急权力关闭密歇根州的大部分企业一小段时间时，COVID-19大流行在密歇根州经济中造成了严重下滑。一些业务被允许重新开放，但是有很多保护措施并且容量有限。这些限制继续对密歇根州经济产生负面影响。在2020年5月的收入估算会议上，专家预测未来两个财政年度将短缺63亿美元。密歇根州的年度总预算约为620亿美元。在2020年8月的后续收入会议上，经济学家确定赤字将刚刚超过9亿美元。专家发现，州税收入并未像最初预期的那样受到重创，主要是因为联邦COVID-19救助资金被寄给了该州，刺激计划，以及增加用于失业保险金的联邦资金。此外，密歇根州将其州所得税的征收从春季推迟到夏季。尽管收入估算没有2020年春季末的预期那么糟糕，但仍显示出负差额，这将对学校预算产生不利影响。

p -12和/或高等教育的资助重点

密歇根州公立学校教育者退休系统（MPSERS抵销）

立法机关根据每个参与地区占全州各参与地区全州工资总额的百分比，向参与MPSERS的地方学区拨款1.55亿美元。这些款项是为了抵消该地区在2021财年（FY）所欠的部分退休金。

MPSERS退休CAP费用

州向地方地区和中学地区分配了12.2亿美元，以汇入MPSERS。这笔资金用于支付无上限的MPSERS缴费率（MIP /基础工资的36.88％）和学校雇主将在2020财年支付的最高税率（MIP /基础工资的25.56％）之间的差额。

有一定风险

该州拨款5.1亿美元，用于在40％或更多被确定为处于危险中的学生中进行学校改革。通过记录证明学生具有六个危险因素中的至少两个因素，他们有资格获得危险款项。合格学生的定义在经济上处于劣势，其中包括那些有资格享受免费或低价餐，生活在接受补充营养的家庭，无家可归者，移民或寄养中的学生。[结束页299]

更改P-12和/或高等教育的拨款方式

每个学区的每位学生经费由每个学年的两个计数日确定，分别于10月和2月举行。在典型的一年中，根据现行的州法律，学区必须在180天内提供1,098小时的教学，才有资格获得资助。特别是对于继续进行远程学习的地区，今年的政策令人生畏。许多地区担心持续的大流行会减少出勤人数，从而导致该州的资金减少，并担心安排虚拟教学时间以满足最低要求。

只要各学区具备提供全年教学价值的能力，该批准的计划就免除了2020-2021学年的最低教学时间和教学天数的要求。议员们决定改变计数资助的公式，根据去年入学人数的75％和2020-2021学年的25％权衡各区的人均资助。在过去的一年中，资金额是基于2月份计数的10％加上10月份计数的90％。预计各地区不会举行面对面的计数日，而是可以虚拟地计算出勤率。

成长地区分类

该州包括6600万美元，用于支付其21财年计数超过本学年生效的75-25“超级混合”计算的地区。

学校心理健康补助金

用于学校心理健康补助的资金从3000万美元增加到3560万美元。

教师留任奖励

拨款500万美元，以鼓励第一年的教师继续教学。

素养要领

国家拨款400万美元实施培训。