In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• New Jersey
• Luke J. Stedrak (bio) and Melissa Swietlicki (bio)

funding priorities/trends for p-12 and/or higher education

Funding priorities have shifted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Governor Murphy established statewide standards in June 2020 for the reopening of schools, controlled through Executive Orders, which have placed financial strains on school districts. In addition, Murphy developed a funding plan to close the digital divide across the state.

Schools have prioritized the funding of medical supplies and additional staff, costing approximately $500 per child.¹ In order to establish safe and healthy learning environments, as outlined by the New Jersey Department of Education's (NJDOE) "The Road Back," schools have upgraded ventilation systems, enhanced facilities' cleaning practices, and purchased temperature screening devices, PPE, and other additional equipment not needed in the past.² Such funds have been allocated to provide staff gloves and students masks; custodial staff are provided with electrostatic disinfectant sprayers. Additionally, physical barriers have been purchased, including desk shields for student desks and plexiglass for high traffic areas where social distancing is difficult to maintain, such as the main office. Classrooms are now equipped for daily hand sanitizing with items such as hand sanitizers and isopropyl alcohol wipes. Districts have hired additional nurses, substitute nurses, and custodial staff.³

The DOE's plan to accommodate the technological demands of remote and hybrid learning consisted of a $10 million formula grant using federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funds for one-to-one digital devices and internet connectivity while also making available philanthropic donations; as of July 2020, the Administration planned to use these resources before tapping into $44 million in Coronavirus Relief Fund allocations for public schools and $6 million for nonpublic schools.⁴

changes to funding formula for p-12 and/or higher education

There were not major revisions to the P-12 funding formula in the state of New Jersey. [End Page 322] The mechanism has both wealth-equalized and categorical aid. Wealth-equalized aid requires equality by assuring that each district has adequate funds based on the ability to generate local revenue. Categorical aid is disbursed with a combination of student data and the cost associated with that category.

Adequacy Budget = (Base Cost + At-Risk Cost (Based on eligibility for free and reduced lunches) +Limited English Proficient Cost + Combination (of Limited English Proficient and At-Risk) Cost + Special Education Census) × Geographic Cost Adjustment

Categorical aid remains unchanged, based on the following seven categories: special education, security, transportation, pre-school, debt service aid/benefit payments, and school choice aid.⁵ Additionally, the decentralized structure of higher education in New Jersey, and the lack of a clear strategic plan, suggest that funding for appropriations and financial aid calculated on an ad hoc basis and are predominantly influenced by previous allocations.

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and/or higher education funding

Due to the timing of the budget process and the increased expenses to reopen schools, districts are unable to access authorized budget transfers, and are now depending on revenue in excess of anticipated amounts.⁶ Furthermore, school districts across New Jersey are now required to account for COVID-19 related revenue and expenses under new budget line items; for example, schools must report on funds received from sources such as the Digital Divide Grant and the CARES Act Education Stabilization Fund.⁷ "The Department understands that districts are faced with uncertainty at this time, and similar to when implementing the changes to state aid over the past few years, the Department will prioritize to guide school districts to react to the evolving state and local fiscal situations."⁸

exclusive to p-12: alternatives to traditional public schools and trend in funding for these alternatives

Private and charter schools have sought to receive funding due to financial strains amid the coronavirus pandemic. NJ charter schools have also been entitled to funds provided by federal aid through the CARES Act. The CARES Act program requires Local Education Agencies (LEAs) to provide "equitable services to students and teachers" of non-public schools. Charter schools have also received between $33.9 million and $55.1 million...

中文翻译：

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新泽西州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 新泽西州
• 卢克·J·斯特德拉克（生物）和梅利莎·斯维特利基（生物）

p -12和/或高等教育的资助重点/趋势

为应对COVID-19大流行，资金的重点已经转移。州长墨菲（Murphy）于2020年6月制定了州级标准，以通过行政命令控制学校的重新开放，这对学区造成了财务压力。此外，墨菲还制定了一项资助计划，以缩小全州的数字鸿沟。

学校将医疗用品和额外人员的资助列为优先事项，每个孩子的费用约为500美元。¹为了建立安全，健康的学习环境，正如新泽西州教育部（NJDOE）的“道路倒退”所概述的那样，学校已经升级了通风系统，增强了设施的清洁习惯，并购买了温度筛查设备，PPE和过去不需要的其他其他设备。^2个此类资金已分配给员工手套和学生口罩；监护人员配备了静电消毒喷雾器。此外，还购买了物理屏障，包括用于学生课桌的书桌护板和用于难以保持社会距离的高交通区域（例如主办公室）的有机玻璃。教室现在配备了日常洗手液，例如洗手液和异丙醇擦拭布。各地区已雇用了更多的护士，代用护士和保管人员。³

美国能源部的计划旨在满足远程和混合学习的技术需求，其中包括使用联邦冠状病毒援助，救济和经济安全（CARES）法，小学和中学紧急救济（ESSER）资金的一千万美元配方赠款，用于一对一一台数字设备和互联网连接，同时还提供慈善捐款；截至2020年7月，政府计划使用这些资源，然后再从冠状病毒救济基金中为公立学校分配4400万美元，为非公立学校分配600万美元。⁴

更改-12岁和/或高等教育的资助公式

新泽西州对P-12的资助公式没有重大修改。[完第322页]该机制既提供了财富均等的援助，又提供了绝对的援助。财富均等的援助需要平等，方法是确保每个地区都拥有产生地方收入的能力，以确保有足够的资金。分类援助将结合学生数据和与该类别相关的费用进行分配。

充足预算=（基本成本+风险成本（基于免费午餐和减少午餐的资格）+有限英语水平成本+组合（英语水平有限和风险有限）成本+特殊教育普查）×地理成本调整

分类援助保持不变，基于以下七个类别：特殊教育，安全，交通，学前教育，债务还本付息/福利支付以及择校援助。⁵此外，新泽西州高等教育的权力下放结构以及缺乏明确的战略计划，表明拨款和财政援助的资金是临时计算的，并且主要受先前拨款的影响。

影响p -12和/或高等教育经费的紧迫国家问题

由于预算流程的时间安排和重新开放学校的费用增加，各学区无法获得授权的预算转帐，现在取决于超出预期金额的收入。⁶此外，现在要求新泽西州各地的学区在新的预算项目下处理与COVID-19相关的收入和支出；例如，学校必须报告从“数字鸿沟补助金”和“ CARES法案教育稳定基金”等来源获得的资金。⁷ “教育部了解到，目前各学区面临不确定性，类似于过去几年实施对国家援助的变更时，教育部将优先指导学区对不断发展的州和地方财政状况做出反应。 ”⁸

第-12页专有：传统公立学校的替代方案以及这些替代方案的供资趋势

由于冠状病毒大流行造成的经济压力，私立学校和特许学校都试图获得资助。新泽西州特许学校还有权通过《 CARES法》获得联邦援助提供的资金。CARES法案计划要求地方教育机构（LEA）为非公立学校提供“为学生和老师提供的平等服务”。特许学校也收到了3,390万美元至5,510万美元之间的收入。