In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Oklahoma
• Rex Wall (bio) and Jeffrey Maiden (bio)

funding priorities for p-12 and higher education

In the spring of 2020, Oklahoma experienced a substantial revenue shortfall due to the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic.¹ The decrease in revenue and resulting cuts to all state agencies, including common, P-12, and higher education mean the state is focused on damage control rather than expanding opportunities to students.

The previous two fiscal years witnessed a marked increase in P-12 funding with a smaller increase in higher education funding; however, the advances of the previous two years have largely been erased. SB1921 provided for the appropriation of $243,668,709 from state savings to support common education in FY 21. The total appropriation for common education was set at just under $3 billion dollars, 2.55 percent lower than FY 20.¹

Unfortunately, higher education has been more heavily impacted by cuts than P-12. Appropriations for FY 21 are $770 million dollars; well short of the Regents' request of $927 million dollars for this fiscal year.²

changes to funding formula for p-12 and higher education

The P-12 funding formula has not changed for FY 21; however, the inputs via appropriations are negative comparable to the previous two fiscal years. The final FY 20 per pupil allocation was $3,581.44 and initial FY 21 per pupil allocation is $3,467.16, a 3.19 percent decrease.³

For higher education, the state appropriation for total system operations has decreased 4 percent from FY 20 and the representation in the overall state budget declined .9 percent to 10 percent.¹

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and higher education funding

Even before the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, early projections for state revenue indicated a need for a flat budget year in FY 21. Governor Kevin Stitt's executive budget in February did not include pay raises for teachers or state employees, ending the trend [End Page 340] of the past two years.⁴ On April 20, the Oklahoma Board of Equalization declared a revenue failure, attributed to the affects of COVID-19 on the state economy, for the remainder of the fiscal year, totaling $416.9 million.⁵ While state agencies faced cuts, the P-12 system and higher education were held harmless for the remainder of FY 20 by use of the state's rainy day fund.⁶

The funding outlook for P-12 and higher education continues to be grim. The final state appropriations bill for FY 21 allocated $7.715 billion, a decrease of $283.2 million from FY 20, including a $78 million cut to common education and $32 million to higher education. School districts are now left with a largely unfunded mandate to cover costs associated with the teacher raises of the previous two fiscal years with less money.² For higher education, the $770,040,000 appropriation for FY 21 is much less than the $814,772,157 appropriation for FY 2001 and lower than at any point in the last 20 years.⁷

alternatives to traditional public school and funding trends for alternatives

Throughout the summer, the Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE) worked on an released several versions of a "Return to Learn" document, which was designed to serve as a general guidance and best practices tool to assist school districts around the state with making decisions on how instruction would begin in the fall. The OSDE envisioned three major forms of instructional delivery: traditional, face-to-face, instruction, distance (fully digital) learning, and blended learning. As of the writing of this report, school districts have chosen to pursue a combination of one, two, or even all three of these formats. In addition, the Oklahoma State Board of Education voted to allow districts to operate classes on Saturdays, though none have currently accepted this option.⁸

A direct result of the COVID-19 epidemic was the huge increase in enrollment for the state's largest virtual charter school, EPIC, which has now surpassed Oklahoma City Public Schools as the state's largest public-school system with 38.026 students enrolled.⁹

per pupil expenditure of state...

中文翻译：

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俄克拉荷马州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 俄克拉荷马州
• 雷克斯·沃尔（Rex Wall）（生物）和杰弗里·梅登（Jeffrey Maiden）（生物）

p -12和高等教育的资助重点

到2020年春季，由于COVID-19疫情的爆发，俄克拉荷马州的收入大幅减少。¹收入的减少以及对所有州机构的削减，包括普通，P-12和高等教育，这意味着该州将重点放在损害控制上，而不是扩大给学生的机会。

在过去的两个财政年度中，P-12的供资显着增加，而高等教育的供资则有所减少。但是，前两年的进步已被基本抹去。SB1921从州储蓄中拨款243,668,709美元，以支持21财年的普通教育。普通教育的总拨款设定为略低于30亿美元，比20财年低2.55％^。1

不幸的是，与P-12相比，减薪对高等教育的影响更大。21财年的拨款为7.7亿美元；远远低于摄政者在本财政年度提出的9.27亿美元的要求。^2个

p -12和高等教育的资助公式的变化

P-12的供资公式在21财年没有改变；但是，与前两个会计年度相比，拨款的投入为负。最终，每名学生20财年的拨款为3,581.44美元，而每名学生21财年的初始拨款为3,467.16美元，减少了3.19％。³

对于高等教育，国家对整个系统运营的拨款比20财年减少了4％，在州总体预算中的比例下降了0.9％至10％。^1个

影响p -12和高等教育经费的紧迫国家问题

甚至在COVID-19疫情爆发之前，对州政府收入的早期预测表明，在21财年需要一个固定的预算年度。州长凯文·斯蒂特（Kevin Stitt）在2月份的行政预算中并未包括教师或政府雇员的加薪，从而结束了这一趋势[过去两年的[第340页结束]。^{4 4}月20日，俄克拉荷马州平等委员会宣布，在本财政年度的剩余时间内，由于COVID-19对州经济的影响，收入出现了下滑。⁵虽然各州机构面临裁员，但在20财年的剩余时间内，通过使用该州的雨天基金，P-12系统和高等教育不受损害。⁶

P-12和高等教育的资金前景仍然严峻。21财年的州最终拨款法案分配了77.15亿美元，比20财年减少了2.832亿美元，其中普通教育削减了7,800万美元，高等教育削减了3200万美元。现在，学区几乎没有资金来承担任务，用较少的钱来支付与前两个财政年度的教师加薪相关的费用。²对于高等教育，21财年的770,040,000美元拨款远少于2001财年的814,772,157美元拨款，并且低于过去20年的任何时候。⁷

传统公立学校的替代方案以及替代方案的资金趋势

在整个夏季，俄克拉荷马州教育部（OSDE）共同发布了多个版本的“重返学习”文档，该文档旨在用作指导和最佳做法的工具，以帮助该州各地的学区关于如何在秋季开始教学的决定。OSDE设想了三种主要的教学交付形式：传统，面对面，教学，远程（全数字）学习和混合学习。在撰写本报告时，学区已选择将一种，两种甚至所有三种格式结合使用。此外，俄克拉荷马州教育委员会投票通过，允许各区在星期六开课，尽管目前还没有一个区接受该选择。⁸

COVID-19流行的直接结果是该州最大的虚拟特许学校EPIC的入学人数大幅增加，该学校现已超过俄克拉荷马城公立学校，成为该州最大的公立学校系统，有38.026名学生入学。⁹

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