Journal of Education Finance ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Matthew Gardner Kelly, F. Frank Ayata, Jeremy Anderson
- Pennsylvania
- Matthew Gardner Kelly (bio), F. Frank Ayata (bio), and Jeremy Anderson (bio)
funding priorities for p-12 and higher education
The education appropriation for the 2020-21 fiscal year is $13.5 billion, a three percent decrease over the 2019-20 fiscal year.1 This figure includes funding for P-12 education, public libraries, community colleges, and state-affiliated universities (The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Temple University, and Lincoln University). Appropriations for the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology are separately reported in the Commonwealth budget, receiving a total appropriation of $496 million (a zero percent increase) for the 2020-21 fiscal year.
The enacted budget sustains 2019-20 funding levels for most P-12 education programs, including:
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• $6.7 billion for basic education funding, the largest source of state aid to school districts (a zero percent change)
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• $1.2 billion for special education funding (a zero percent change)
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• For early childhood education, the budget maintains funding from the previous fiscal year as well, including $268 million for Ready to Learn Block Grants (a zero percent change) and $217 million for the Pre-K Counts program (a zero percent change)
The enacted budget also sustains 2019-20 funding levels for higher education, including:
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• $597 million for state affiliated universities (The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Temple University, and Lincoln University)
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• $477 million for the State System of Higher Education
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• $19 million for Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology
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• $244 million for community colleges
changes to funding formula for p-12
Pennsylvania adopted new formulas for distributing basic education funding in 2016 and special education funding in 2014. Both formulas include weights and multipliers to adjust basic education and special education funding in relation to the financial needs of school districts and the local taxing effort of each district's residents. However, both formulas included hold harmless provisions stipulating that only basic education [End Page 345] funding appropriated above 2014-15 levels and special education funding appropriated above 2013-14 levels should be distributed through these formulas.2
For the 2020-21 fiscal year, this means only 10 percent of the state's $6.7 billion basic education funding appropriation will be distributed through state's formula. The remaining 90 percent is based on each district's 2014-15 appropriation. Since earlier hold harmless provisions have shaped the distribution of basic education funding for years prior to the creation of the new formula, even the 2014-15 appropriation did not necessarily reflect school district enrollment or needs in 2014-15. Similarly, only 13 percent of the state's $1.2 billion special education funding appropriation for 2020-21 will be distributed through the state's need-based special education funding formula.3
pressing state issues affecting p-12 and higher education funding
With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on state finances still uncertain, Pennsylvania lawmakers agreed on an interim budget for the start of the 2021 fiscal year. The budget was signed by Governor Tom Wolf on May 29, 2020.4 Prioritizing education, this stopgap budget appropriates funds to cover the entire fiscal year for early childhood education, K-12 education, and higher education. For almost all other appropriations, this interim budget only provides five months of funding.5
fiscal impact of alternatives to public schools
Charter schools in Pennsylvania are funded through tuition payments made by the school district where each child enrolled in a charter school resides. These tuition rates are based on each district's nonspecial education expenditure per average daily members (for general education students) or each district's special education expenditure per average daily membership (for students with special needs).
As a result, the tuition rates paid by each school district varies with a district's spending. In 2019-20, nonspecial education tuition rates ranged from a low of approximately $7,400 per enrolled charter student to a high of approximately $21,600 per enrolled charter student. Special education tuition rates ranged from a low or approximately $10,200 per enrolled charter student to $55,700 per enrolled charter student.6 In the fall of 2019-20, 146,556 students were enrolled in charter schools...
中文翻译：
宾夕法尼亚州
代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：
- 宾夕法尼亚州
- Matthew Gardner Kelly（生物），F。Frank Ayata（生物）和Jeremy Anderson（生物）
P-12和高等教育的资助重点
The education appropriation for the 2020-21 fiscal year is $13.5 billion, a three percent decrease over the 2019-20 fiscal year.1 This figure includes funding for P-12 education, public libraries, community colleges, and state-affiliated universities (The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Temple University, and Lincoln University). Appropriations for the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology are separately reported in the Commonwealth budget, receiving a total appropriation of $496 million (a zero percent increase) for the 2020-21 fiscal year.
The enacted budget sustains 2019-20 funding levels for most P-12 education programs, including:
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•67亿美元用于基础教育资金，这是对学区的最大政府资助（变化为零）
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•12亿美元用于特殊教育经费（零变化）
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•对于幼儿教育，预算也保持上一财年的资金，其中包括2.68亿美元的“准备好整笔拨款”（变化为零）和2.17亿美元的“学前班计数”计划（变化为零）。
制定的预算还维持了2019-20年度高等教育的资助水平，其中包括：
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•5.97亿美元用于州立大学（宾夕法尼亚州立大学，匹兹堡大学，坦普尔大学和林肯大学）
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•4.77亿美元用于国家高等教育系统
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•1900万美元用于Thaddeus Stevens技术学院
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•2.44亿加元用于社区大学
更改p-12的供资公式
宾夕法尼亚州采用了新的分配基础教育拨款的公式，分别于2016年和2014年分配了特殊教育资金。这两个公式均包括权重和乘数，以根据学区的财务需求和各区居民的当地税收工作来调整基础教育和特殊教育的资金。 。但是，这两个公式都包含无害条款，规定仅应通过这些公式分配在2014-15年水平以上拨款的基础教育[End Page 345]资金和在2013-14年水平以上拨款的特殊教育资金。2个
对于2020-21财年，这意味着该州67亿美元的基础教育拨款中，只有10％将通过该州的公式进行分配。其余90％基于每个地区的2014-15拨款。由于较早的无害条款已经影响了在创建新公式之前数年的基础教育资金分配，因此即使是2014-15年度的拨款也不一定能反映2014-15年度学区的入学人数或需求。同样，该州2020-21年度12亿美元的特殊教育拨款中，只有13％将通过该州基于需求的特殊教育拨款公式进行分配。3
紧迫的国家问题影响了p-12和高等教育经费
由于COVID-19大流行对州财政的影响仍然不确定，宾夕法尼亚州的立法者们同意在2021财年开始时制定临时预算。该预算由州长汤姆·沃尔夫（Tom Wolf）在2020年5月29日签署。4这项权宜之计的预算优先考虑教育，这笔资金用于覆盖整个财政年度的幼儿教育，K-12教育和高等教育。对于几乎所有其他拨款，该中期预算仅提供五个月的资金。5
公立学校替代方案对财政的影响
宾夕法尼亚州的特许学校是由每个进入特许学校的孩子所居住的学区支付的学费来资助的。这些学费是根据每个地区的日均会员的非特殊教育支出（针对普通教育学生）或基于每个地区的日均会员的特殊教育支出（针对有特殊需求的学生）确定的。
结果，每个学区支付的学费随学区的支出而变化。在2019-20年度，非特殊教育的学费范围从每名注册宪章学生约7400美元的低点到每名注册宪章学生约21600美元的高点。特殊教育的学费从低至大约每名注册宪章学生10,200美元到每名注册的宪章学生55,700美元。6在2019-20秋季，特许学校招收了146,556名学生...
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