In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• South Dakota
• Seth Meier (bio) and Jeffrey Maiden (bio)

funding priorities for south dakota p-12 and higher education

It has been three years since the legislature passed Governor Daugaard and the Blue Ribbon Task Force's proposed education funding bills (HB1182, SB131, and SB133), known as The Blue Ribbon Legislation, which was created to improve the K-12 funding formula, raise teacher pay, and improve class sizes. Previous funding formulas focused on the number of students, but since 2016, the funding formula has shifted to focus on targeted student-teacher ratios. Governor Noem granted the Legislature authority to spend $3.5 million to legalize industrial hemp and $55 million to give K-12 teachers, state employees, and Medicaid health care providers a two percent raise.¹

Higher education has not been immune to financial difficulties either. In April 2019, the South Dakota State Board of Regents voted to raise tuition and the mandatory general activity fee by roughly 3.4 percent. This is the second year in a row for 3.0+ percent tuition hike, which will reportedly be used to increase staff salary and health coverage. Subsequently, South Dakota public universities have seen a 2.5 percent enrollment drop in the past year.

changes to funding formula for p-12 and/or higher education

Blue Ribbon Legislation focused on low teacher salary and increasing student-teacher ratios. The Legislation enacted a half-cent increase in state sales tax, which increased school funding by $67 million, with a target average teacher salary of $48,500. Furthermore, the state is also required to increase annual state funding at an inflation consumer price index (CPI), or three percent, whichever is less. The sliding scale for student-teacher ratio is based on levels of fall semester district enrollment, which are: Enrollment less than 200 is 12 students to one teacher, enrollment 200-600 is sliding scale between 12 to one and 15 to one, enrollment greater than 600 is 15 to one.

For FY 2020, the CPI for average teacher salary is a target of $50, 360.26. The state aid formula is calculated by dividing fall enrollment by the target student-to-staff ratio, and then adding 29 percent for employee benefits. The district's total instruction need is then increased by an overhead rate of 33.06 percent for FY 2020, which is used to cover non-instructional costs. After the total state aid is calculated, local district revenues are applied, and the state provides any additional funds to achieve total need. [End Page 354]

Higher education has seen an increase of faculty compensation by 2.5 percent, with a health coverage increase of $1,601. Employee compensation raises have been funded through two consecutive years of increased tuition and mandatory fees.

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and/or higher education funding

The Blue Ribbon Legislation hinges on state sales tax, which can present a funding problem when collections are not sustained. Because of miniscule increases in state aid, approximately half of the state's school districts were initiating opt-outs, which allow district and patrons to levy property taxes to assist in funding. Although Governor Noem has reversed course on her initial budget of no teacher pay raises, it is anticipated that the list of opt-out districts will continue to increase.

In the past decade, higher education enrollment has decreased by five percent, including a decline of state-resident students by 17 percent. Universities continue to generate 60 percent of funding from tuition and fees, while state support has remained flat.

South Dakota schools closed in mid-March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly 30 percent of South Dakota P-12 students did not participate in remote learning. Governor Noem utilized $41 million from the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund, dispersed from the U.S. Department of Education, to assist reopening. Noem also issued schools $5.7 million awarded through the Governor's Emergency Relief Funds South Dakota public and private schools will receive an additional $500 per student, from the CARES Act, which is an additional $75 million to support South Dakota schools.

forces diverting funds from traditional public school districts and higher...

中文翻译：

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南达科他州

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• 南达科他州
• 塞思·迈耶（Seth Meier）（生物）和杰弗里·梅登（Jeffrey Maiden）（生物）

南达科他州p-12和高等教育的资助重点

立法机关通过了州长道加德州长和蓝丝带工作组的拟议教育资金法案（HB1182，SB131和SB133），已经过去了三年，该法案被称为“蓝丝带立法”，旨在改善K-12筹款方式。老师付费，并改善班级规模。以前的资助公式只关注学生人数，但自2016年以来，资助公式已转向关注目标师生比例。州长诺姆（Noem）授予立法机关授权，以花费350万美元使工业大麻合法化，并以5500万美元向K-12教师，州雇员和Medicaid医疗保健提供者加薪2％。^1个

高等教育也不能幸免于财务困难。2019年4月，南达科他州州议会通过表决，将学费和强制性一般活动费提高了约3.4％。这是学费连续第二年提高3.0％以上，据报道，这笔学费将用于提高员工的薪水和医疗覆盖率。随后，南达科他州的公立大学在过去一年中录取了2.5％的入学率下降。

更改p-12和/或高等教育的资助公式

Blue Ribbon Legislation focused on low teacher salary and increasing student-teacher ratios. The Legislation enacted a half-cent increase in state sales tax, which increased school funding by $67 million, with a target average teacher salary of $48,500. Furthermore, the state is also required to increase annual state funding at an inflation consumer price index (CPI), or three percent, whichever is less. The sliding scale for student-teacher ratio is based on levels of fall semester district enrollment, which are: Enrollment less than 200 is 12 students to one teacher, enrollment 200-600 is sliding scale between 12 to one and 15 to one, enrollment greater than 600 is 15 to one.

For FY 2020, the CPI for average teacher salary is a target of $50, 360.26. The state aid formula is calculated by dividing fall enrollment by the target student-to-staff ratio, and then adding 29 percent for employee benefits. The district's total instruction need is then increased by an overhead rate of 33.06 percent for FY 2020, which is used to cover non-instructional costs. After the total state aid is calculated, local district revenues are applied, and the state provides any additional funds to achieve total need. [End Page 354]

Higher education has seen an increase of faculty compensation by 2.5 percent, with a health coverage increase of $1,601. Employee compensation raises have been funded through two consecutive years of increased tuition and mandatory fees.

pressing state issues affecting p-12 and/or higher education funding

The Blue Ribbon Legislation hinges on state sales tax, which can present a funding problem when collections are not sustained. Because of miniscule increases in state aid, approximately half of the state's school districts were initiating opt-outs, which allow district and patrons to levy property taxes to assist in funding. Although Governor Noem has reversed course on her initial budget of no teacher pay raises, it is anticipated that the list of opt-out districts will continue to increase.

In the past decade, higher education enrollment has decreased by five percent, including a decline of state-resident students by 17 percent. Universities continue to generate 60 percent of funding from tuition and fees, while state support has remained flat.

由于COVID-19大流行，南达科他州的学校于3月中旬关闭。南达科他州P-12学生中有近30％没有参加远程学习。州长Noem从美国教育部分散的中小学紧急救济基金中动用了4,100万美元，以帮助其重新开放。诺姆（Noem）还通过州长紧急救济基金向南达科他州的公立和私立学校发放了570万美元的学校资助，根据CARES法案，每名学生还将获得500美元的额外资助，其中7500万美元用于支持南达科他州的学校。

部队从传统的公立学区和更高的学区转移资金...