Utilizing a comprehensive dataset for Turkish manufacturing firms, we analyse differentials in the post-entry effects on productivity of exporting to markets with different income levels. We employ propensity score matching techniques with multiple treatments, together with a differences-in-differences (DiD) methodology. Controlling for firm level mark-ups, we explore whether the post-entry effects on productivity are driven by changes in physical productivity. The results confirm the learning-by-exporting hypothesis, and suggest physical productivity gains, in particular for exports to high income countries as opposed to middle low-income countries, even after controlling for the composition of exports. This suggests that where a firm export does matter for productivity growth.

利用土耳其制造公司的综合数据集，我们分析了进入后对出口到不同收入水平市场的生产力的影响的差异。我们将倾向得分匹配技术与多种处理结合使用，并采用差异中的差异 (DiD) 方法。控制公司水平的加价，我们探索进入后对生产力的影响是否是由物理生产力的变化驱动的。结果证实了通过出口学习的假设，并建议提高实体生产率，特别是对高收入国家而不是中等低收入国家的出口，即使在控制出口构成之后也是如此。这表明企业出口在何处对生产率增长确实很重要。