ABSTRACT

The Sopris archaeological culture in southeastern Colorado was first identified as Puebloan and then later as local hunter-gatherers influenced by trade with the Northern Rio Grande area. By applying Eastern Pueblo ethnography, we show that the earlier interpretation is better. Physical emphases on such profound cultural features as dualism, cardinal directions, and kiva equivalents cannot be explained by trade, but instead point to Eastern Pueblo origins. Furthermore, a Tanoan model, incorporating a Tewa origin myth as well as Tiwa ethnography, provides a framework for understanding associated rock art. Concentric activity zones essential to a Tanoan worldview help to explain an agricultural shrine near fields (zone 2), hunting shrines in surrounding hills (zone 3), and a rain shrine in the headwaters of the Purgatoire valley (zone 4). The rain shrine included unusual and unique images.

摘要

科罗拉多州东南部的 Sopris 考古文化首先被确定为普韦布洛人，后来被确定为受与北里奥格兰德地区贸易影响的当地狩猎采集者。通过应用东方普韦布洛民族志，我们表明越早解释越好。对二元论、基本方向和基瓦等价物等深刻文化特征的物理强调不能用贸易来解释，而是指向东部普韦布洛的起源。此外，Tanoan 模型结合了 Tewa 起源神话和 Tiwa 民族志，为理解相关岩画提供了框架。塔诺安世界观必不可少的同心活动区有助于解释田野附近的农业神社（2 区）、周围山丘上的狩猎神社（3 区）和炼狱谷源头的雨神社（4 区）。