The main techniques of animal product sampling used in different time periods after the Chernobyl accident are summarised and lessons learned from this analysis are presented. It was shown that simple instruments for measurement γ-radiation in the environment can also be effectively implemented for measurement of γ-emitters in animal products even though these were not originally developed to measure radioactivity in food. The lessons learned related to the major tasks of the monitoring such “what to sample”, “where to sample” and “when to sample”. The role and example of application of supplementary data on radionuclide of concern properties for sampling planning are also discussed. Based on the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the affected settlement it was shown that radionuclide concentration in the animal products can be fitted by the log-normal distributions whilst the dispersion of the logarithms of the activity ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in milk is not dependent on the local settlement specific factors. Based on these findings the novel approach for justification of the number of samples that should to be taken to obtain the GM estimate with predefined precision for given variability of the data is suggested.

总结了切尔诺贝利事故后不同时期使用的动物产品采样的主要技术，并介绍了从该分析中学到的经验教训。结果表明，即使最初不是为测量食品中的放射性而开发的，也可以有效地使用简单的测量环境中γ辐射的仪器来测量动物产品中的γ辐射体。所吸取的教训与监测的主要任务有关，例如“要取样的东西”，“要取样的地方”和“何时取样”。还讨论了有关关注性质的放射性核素补充数据在抽样计划中的作用和应用实例。牛奶中¹³⁷ Cs的浓度不取决于当地居民的特定因素。基于这些发现，提出了一种新颖的方法来证明为给定的数据可变性而以预定的精度获得GM估计值时应采取的样本数量的合理性。