To understand the causes and implications of an extinction event, detailed information is necessary. However, this can be challenging when working with poorly resolved paleontological data sets. One approach to increase the data resolution is by combining different methods. In this study, we used both radiocarbon and genetic data to reconstruct the population history and extinction dynamics of the woolly mammoth in northern Siberia. We generated 88 new radiocarbon dates and combined these with previously published dates from 626 specimens to construct Bayesian age models. These models show that mammoths disappeared on the eastern Siberian mainland before the onset of the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 ky cal BP). Mammoths did however persist in the northernmost parts of central and western Siberia until the early Holocene. Further genetic results of 131 high quality mitogenomes, including 22 new mitogenomes generated in this study, support the hypothesis that mammoths from, or closely related to, a central and/or west- Siberian population recolonized Wrangel Island over the now submerged northern Siberian plains. As mammoths became trapped on the island due to rising sea levels, they lived another ca. 6000 years on Wrangel Island before eventually going extinct ca. 4000 years ago.

为了了解灭绝事件的原因和含义，需要详细的信息。但是，在处理解析度较差的古生物学数据集时，这可能会具有挑战性。增加数据分辨率的一种方法是组合不同的方法。在这项研究中，我们同时使用了放射性碳和遗传数据来重建西伯利亚北部羊毛猛oth象的种群历史和灭绝动态。我们生成了88个新的放射性碳数据，并将它们与626个标本的先前发布的数据相结合，以构建贝叶斯年龄模型。这些模型表明，猛the象在年轻的树妖（12.9–11.7 ky cal BP）发作之前在西伯利亚东部大陆消失了。然而，猛mm象确实一直存在于西伯利亚中部和西部的最北部，直到全新世早期。131个高质量有丝分裂基因组的进一步遗传结果，包括本研究中产生的22个新的有丝分裂基因组，支持以下假说：来自西伯利亚中部和/或西伯利亚种群的猛mm象重新定居了西伯利亚北部平原上的弗兰格尔岛。由于海平面上升，猛ma象被困在岛上，他们又住了大约一个月。在弗兰格尔岛上有6000年的历史，直到最终灭绝。4000年前。在弗兰格尔岛上有6000年的历史，直到最终灭绝。4000年前。在弗兰格尔岛上有6000年的历史，直到最终灭绝。4000年前。