Drawing on survey data on individuals’ motives for migration in Sweden (N = 2172), we examine the importance of family and friends for return versus onward migration, including their importance for different age groups and in different communities on the rural–urban spectrum. The results point to a significant relationship between the importance of family and return versus onward migration, with family importance decreasing with age among returning migrants. At the same time, the importance of friends for returning increases with age. The findings did not suggest a significant relationship between urbanicity and returning versus migration elsewhere. Based on a subset of respondents who were employed prior to migrating (n = 1056), we further examined labor market outcomes for onward versus returning migrants. The results broadly indicate that return migrations are linked to lower likelihoods of labor market deterioration and improvement, suggesting greater labor market stability for return vis-à-vis onward migrations. However, the importance of family for returning (versus moving elsewhere) is associated with higher likelihoods of labor market deterioration and improvement compared with staying the same, indicating greater volatility in labor market outcomes when the importance of family is considered.

利用有关瑞典个人迁移动机的调查数据（N  = 2172），我们考察了家人和朋友对于返回和继续迁移的重要性，包括他们对于不同年龄组和城乡范围内不同社区的重要性。结果表明，家庭和回返的重要性与继续移民之间存在着显着的关系，回国移民的家庭重要性随着年龄的增长而降低。同时，朋友对返回的重要性随着年龄的增长而增加。调查结果表明，城市化与返回与其他地方的移民之间没有显着的关系。基于迁移之前受雇的一部分受访者（n = 1056），我们进一步研究了劳动力市场对返回移民和返回移民的结果。结果大致表明，返乡迁移与劳动力市场恶化和改善的可能性较低有关，这表明返乡相对于向前的迁移具有更高的劳动力市场稳定性。然而，与保持不变相比，家庭重返（而不是转移到其他地方）的重要性与劳动力市场恶化和改善的可能性更高，这表明劳动力市场成果的波动性更大。