Nearly one in five clinically confirmed pregnancies ends in a loss before 20 weeks (Bardos et al., 2015). Despite the prevalence of miscarriage, many women and partners experience a lack of acknowledgment and support while also encountering complicated concerns related to the intersection of perinatal loss, culture, religious and spiritual issues, medical treatment, their reproductive stories, and grief (Randolph et al., 2015). Counselors working with these clients must address complex cultural considerations. As such, we review key cultural and religious/spiritual issues related to early pregnancy loss and offer recommendations for practice based on the current literature in the context of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (2009) counseling competencies.

中文翻译：

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早期流产的文化层面：精神和宗教问题

临床证实的怀孕中，近五分之一会在20周前流产（Bardos等人，2015）。尽管流产很普遍，但许多妇女和伴侣仍然缺乏承认和支持，同时还遇到了与围产期流失，文化，宗教和精神问题，医疗，她们的生育故事和悲伤有关的复杂问题（Randolph等。，2015）。与这些客户一起工作的顾问必须解决复杂的文化因素。因此，我们回顾了与早孕流失有关的关键文化和宗教/精神问题，并根据精神，伦理和宗教价值观咨询协会（2009）的咨询能力，根据当前文献为实践提供了建议。