In this digital era of technology and software development tools, low-cost digital cameras and powerful video editing software (such as Adobe Premiere, Microsoft Movie Maker, and Magix Vegas) have become available for any common user. Through these softwares, editing the contents of digital videos became very easy. Frame duplication is a common video forgery attack which can be done by copying and pasting a sequence of frames within the same video in order to hide or replicate some events from the video. Many algorithms have been proposed in the literature to detect such forgeries from the video sequences through analyzing the spatial and temporal correlations. However, most of them are suffering from low efficiency and accuracy rates and high computational complexity. In this paper, we are proposing an efficient and robust frame duplication detection algorithm to detect duplicated frames from the video sequence based on the improved Levenshtein distance. Extensive experiments were performed on some selected video sequences captured by stationary and moving cameras. In the experimental results, the proposed algorithm showed efficacy compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.

中文翻译：

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基于改进的Levenshtein距离的帧复制伪造检测与定位算法

在这个数字时代的技术和软件开发工具中，低成本的数码相机和功能强大的视频编辑软件（例如Adobe Premiere，Microsoft Movie Maker和Magix Vegas）已可供任何普通用户使用。通过这些软件，编辑数字视频的内容变得非常容易。帧复制是一种常见的视频伪造攻击，可以通过在同一视频中复制和粘贴一系列帧以隐藏或复制视频中的某些事件来完成。在文献中已经提出了许多算法，以通过分析空间和时间相关性来从视频序列中检测出这种伪造。然而，它们中的大多数遭受效率和准确率低以及计算复杂度高的困扰。在本文中，我们提出一种有效且鲁棒的帧重复检测算法，以基于改进的Levenshtein距离从视频序列中检测重复的帧。对固定摄像机和移动摄像机捕获的某些选定视频序列进行了广泛的实验。在实验结果中，与最新技术相比，该算法显示出有效性。