Autotrophic ammonium removal by sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (S-Anammox) process was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor inoculated with Anammox sludge. Over an operation period of 371 days, the reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 16 h was fed with influent in which NH₄⁺ concentration was fixed at 70 mg N L⁻¹, and the molar ratio of NO₂⁻:NO₃⁻:SO₄²⁻ was 1:0.2:0.2, 0.5:0.1:0.3 and 0:0:0.5 in stages I, II and III, respectively. As the NO₂⁻ in influent was entirely replaced by SO₄²⁻, the NH₄⁺ removal rate was 31.02 mg N L⁻¹ d⁻¹, and the conversion rate of SO₄²⁻ was 8.18 mg S L⁻¹ d⁻¹. On grounds of the high NH₄⁺:SO₄²⁻ removal ratio (8.67:1), the S²⁻ accumulation and pH drop in effluent, as well as the analysis results of microbial community structure, the S-Anammox process was speculated to play a dominant role in stage III. The NH₄⁺ over-transformation was presumably as a consequence of the cyclic regeneration of SO₄²⁻. Concerning the microbial characteristics in the system, the Anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (Desulfatiglans and Desulfurivibrio) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (Thiobacillus) in biomass was enriched in the case of without addition of NO₂⁻ in influent. Sulfate reduction driven ammonium anaerobic oxidation was probably attributed to the coordinated metabolism of nitrogen- and sulfur-utilizing bacteria consortium, in which Anammox bacteria dominates the nitrogen removal, and the SRB and SOB participates in the sulfur cycle as well as accepts required electrons from Anammox bacteria through a direct inter-species electron transfer (DIET) pathway.

在接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器中研究了通过硫酸盐依赖的厌氧氨氧化 (S-Anammox) 工艺去除自养铵。在 371 天的运行期间，水力停留时间为 16 小时的反应器被注入进水，其中 NH ₄ ⁺浓度固定在 70 mg N L ^-1，NO ₂ ^- :NO ₃ ^-的摩尔比为： SO ₄ ^2-在阶段I、II和III中分别为1:0.2:0.2、0.5:0.1:0.3和0:0:0.5。由于进水中的 NO ₂ ^-完全被 SO ₄ ^2-取代，NH ₄ ⁺去除率为31.02 mg N L ^-1  d ^{- 1}，SO ₄ ^2-转化率为8.18 mg SL ^-1  d ^{- 1}。基于较高的NH ₄ ⁺ :SO ₄ ²⁻去除率（8.67:1）、出水中S ^{2− 的}积累和pH 下降，以及微生物群落结构的分析结果，推测S-Anammox 过程在第三阶段发挥主导作用。NH ₄ ⁺过度转化可能是 SO ₄ ^2-循环再生的结果. 从系统微生物特征来看，生物质中厌氧氨氧化菌（Candidatus Brocadia）、硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）（Desulfatiglans and Desulfurivibrio）和硫氧化菌（SOB）（Thiobacillus）在不添加NO ₂ ^-进水。硫酸盐还原驱动的铵厌氧氧化可能归因于氮和硫利用菌群的协调代谢，其中厌氧氨氧化菌在脱氮中占主导地位，SRB 和 SOB 参与硫循环并从厌氧氨氧化中接受所需的电子细菌通过直接的种间电子转移（DIET）途径。