Objectives

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a low-dose mindfulness-based intervention had short- and middle-term effects on primary (mindfulness, mental and physical health, self-efficacy) and secondary outcomes (attentional control, body awareness, emotion regulation and nonattachment). Further, the study examined whether participant compliance (course attendance, mindfulness practice at home) and satisfaction improved the change in primary and secondary outcomes.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, 71 university students were assigned to a mindfulness group (n = 35) or a waitlist group (n = 36). The intervention was a 6-week mindfulness-based training. The outcome variables were measured at pre- and postintervention, and at 2.5 months postintervention.

Results

At postintervention and at follow-up, the students in the mindfulness group showed a greater increase over time in mindfulness, self-efficacy, body awareness, and reappraisal than the students in the waitlist control group (Cohen’s d = 0.43–1.06). Although a significant intervention effect on nonattachment was found in the Per Protocol sample at postintervention and at follow-up, this effect was not significant in the Intention-To-Treat sample. Further, satisfaction with the training, course attendance, and the frequency of mindfulness practice at home were associated with positive changes in outcome variables.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that a low-dose mindfulness-based intervention can promote mindfulness, self-efficacy, body awareness, and reappraisal in students. The quality of implementation seems to be important for the benefits of a low-dose mindfulness-based training.

中文翻译：

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在学生样本中评估基于低剂量正念的干预措施的实施和效果：随机对照试验

目标

本研究的目的是调查以低剂量正念为基础的干预措施是否对主要（正念，心理和身体健康，自我效能）和次要结局（注意控制，身体意识，情绪调节和不依恋）。此外，该研究还检查了参与者的依从性（课程出席率，在家中的正念练习）和满意度是否能改善主要和次要结局的变化。

方法

在一项随机对照试验中，将71名大学生分为正念组（n = 35）或候补组（n = 36）。干预是为期6周的正念训练。在干预前和干预后以及干预后2.5个月测量结果变量。

结果

干预后和随访时，正念组的学生在正念，自我效能感，身体意识和重新评估方面的表现均比候补对照组的学生有所增加（Cohen d = 0.43–1.06）。尽管在干预后和随访时，在“按规程”样本中发现了对不依恋的显着干预效果，但在“意向治疗”样本中这种效果并不显着。此外，对培训的满意程度，课程出勤率以及在家中正念练习的频率与结果变量的积极变化相关。

结论

研究结果表明，低剂量正念疗法可以促进学生的正念，自我效能感，身体意识和重新评估。实施质量对于基于低剂量正念训练的益处似乎很重要。