The family of Tribbles proteins play many critical nonenzymatic roles and regulate a wide range of key signaling pathways. Tribbles homolog 2 (Trib2) is a pseudo serine/threonine kinase that functions as a scaffold or adaptor in various physiological and pathological processes. Trib2 can interact with E3 ubiquitin ligases and control protein stability of downstream effectors. This protein is induced by mitogens and enhances the propagation of several cancer cells, including myeloid leukemia, liver, lung, skin, bone, brain, and pancreatic. Thus, Trib2 can be a predictive and valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent studies have illustrated that Trib2 plays a major role in cell fate determination of stem cells. Stem cells have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into specific cell types. Stem cells are important sources for cell-based regenerative medicine and drug screening. Trib2 has been found to increase the self-renewal ability of embryonic stem cells, the reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells, and chondrogenesis. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances of Trib2 function in tumorigenesis and stem cell fate decisions.

中文翻译：

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Tribbles 同源物 2 (Trib2)，一种在肿瘤发生和干细胞命运决定中的假丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶

Tribbles 蛋白家族发挥许多关键的非酶作用并调节广泛的关键信号通路。Tribbles 同源物 2 (Trib2) 是一种假丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶，在各种生理和病理过程中充当支架或适配器。Trib2 可以与 E3 泛素连接酶相互作用并控制下游效应子的蛋白质稳定性。这种蛋白质由有丝分裂原诱导并增强几种癌细胞的增殖，包括骨髓性白血病、肝、肺、皮肤、骨、脑和胰腺。因此，Trib2 可以成为癌症诊断和治疗的预测性和有价值的生物标志物。最近的研究表明，Trib2 在干细胞的细胞命运决定中起主要作用。干细胞具有自我更新和分化成特定细胞类型的能力。干细胞是基于细胞的再生医学和药物筛选的重要来源。已发现 Trib2 可增加胚胎干细胞的自我更新能力、体细胞的重编程效率和软骨形成。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注 Trib2 功能在肿瘤发生和干细胞命运决定中的最新进展。