Does wearing makeup benefit women by changing how they perceive themselves, and are the perceptions that others make of makeup wearers positive, or negative? In two pre-registered experiments, we investigated the effects of makeup on women's self-perceived traits, and others’ objectifying perceptions of them. In Experiment 1, 229 women imagined one of four scenarios (e.g., a romantic date). Half applied makeup for that scenario before rating their self-perceived agency, humanness, romantic competitiveness towards other women and reactions to partner jealousy. Results showed little evidence that applying makeup affected women's self-perceived traits. In Experiment 2, 844 participants rated images of women's faces from Experiment 1 on their mental capacity and moral status. Women wearing more makeup were attributed less mental capacity and moral status, with attributions mediated by perceptions that heavier makeup-wearers have more sex and are more physically attractive. Findings suggest that although women experience cultural pressure to wear makeup, negative stereotypes of makeup-wearers may lead to detrimental perceptions of women.

中文翻译：

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化妆的背后：化妆品对女性自我客观化的影响，以及她们被他人客观化的影响

化妆会改变女性对自己的看法，从而使她们受益吗？其他人对化妆者的看法是积极的还是消极的？在两个预先注册的实验中，我们调查了化妆对女性自我认知特征的影响，以及其他人对她们的客观看法。在实验 1 中，229 名女性想象了四种情景中的一种（例如，浪漫的约会）。在评价她们的自我认知能力、人性、对其他女性的浪漫竞争力以及对伴侣嫉妒的反应之前，一半的人为这种情况化妆。结果表明，几乎没有证据表明化妆会影响女性的自我认知特征。在实验 2 中，844 名参与者对实验 1 中女性面部图像的心理能力和道德状况进行了评分。化妆较多的女性被归因于较低的心理能力和道德状态，归因于认为化妆较重的人有更多的性行为并且在身体上更具吸引力。研究结果表明，尽管女性在化妆方面承受着文化压力，但对化妆者的负面刻板印象可能会导致对女性的不利看法。