The effects of an intercropping system combined with organic fertilizer application on the yield quality of medicinal plants and the involved mechanisms have not been well elucidated. To evaluate the effects of different fertilizers (vermicompost and chemical fertilizers) on the dragonhead essential oil (DEO) productivity (dragonhead = Dracocephalum moldavica L.) (D) in sole cropping and intercropping with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (CB), a 3-year field experiment was carried out using a factorial based on randomized complete block design. We found that the highest common bean seed yield and dry matter productivity of dragonhead were obtained from sole cropping fertilized with vermicompost. Regarding the major DEO constituents, the highest content of geranyl acetate (42.2%), geranial (23.4%), and geraniol (17.81%) were recorded using the cropping ratio of 2D:1CB following the use of vermicompost. Soil micro-biochemical parameters (basic microbial respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and urease) in the intercropping systems were found to be higher than those of the corresponding sole croppings. The highest soil microbial activity was observed in the intercropping ratios of 2D:1CB and 1D:2CB following the use of vermicompost. Furthermore, the highest land equivalent ratios (LER = 1.28) were achieved in the intercropping ratio 2D:1CB after vermicompost application. Thus, this combination of stimulated soil microbial activity and functionality, which in turn accelerated nutrient mobilization and availability, enhanced plant performance. Therefore, we can conclude that intercropping dragonhead with common bean at the ratio of 2D:1CB coupled with vermicompost application can be introduced as an alternative and sustainable strategy to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

中文翻译：

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通过耦合的间作系统和ver堆肥施用以及保持土壤微生物活性来改善龙头（Dracocephalum Moldavica L.）的产量质量

间作系统与有机肥料的结合对药用植物产量质量的影响及其相关机理尚未得到很好的阐明。在单独种植和套种普通豆（菜豆）的过程中，评估不同肥料（ver肥和化肥）对龙头精油（DEO）生产力（龙头= Dracocephalum Moldavica L。）（D）的影响。（CB），使用基于随机完整区块设计的阶乘进行了3年的野外实验。我们发现，从ver豆施肥的单一作物中可以获得最高的普通龙豆种子产量和干物质生产力。关于主要的DEO成分，使用ver堆肥后，使用2D：1CB的种植比例记录了乙酸香叶酯（42.2％），香叶醛（23.4％）和香叶醇（17.81％）的最高含量。间作系统中的土壤微生物生化参数（基本微生物呼吸，底物诱导的呼吸，微生物生物量碳，碱性和酸性磷酸酶和脲酶）高于相应的单独作物。在2D：1CB和1D：2CB以下是vermicompost的使用。此外，在施用com堆肥后的间作比例为2D：1CB时达到了最高的土地当量比（LER = 1.28）。因此，受刺激的土壤微生物活性和功能性的这种组合反过来又加速了养分的动员和可用性，提高了植物的生长性能。因此，我们可以得出结论，可以引入以2D：1CB比例与普通豆类套种的龙头豆，加上ver肥施用，作为减少化学肥料使用的替代性和可持续性策略。这反过来又加快了养分的调动和利用，提高了植物的生长性能。因此，我们可以得出结论，可以引入以2D：1CB比例与普通豆类套种的龙头豆，加上ver肥施用，作为减少化学肥料使用的替代性和可持续性策略。这反过来又加快了养分的调动和利用，提高了植物的生长性能。因此，我们可以得出结论，可以引入以2D：1CB的比例与普通豆类套种的黑头豆，加上mi肥的施用，作为减少化学肥料使用的替代性和可持续性策略。