With the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO_2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuits make 75% of the impacts from materials. The CF is increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO_2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO_2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO_2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO_2,eq/year). However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kg CO_2,eq/year). LCC can vary significantly (235–622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease the CF by 23–30% and the LCC by 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision‐makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones.

中文翻译：

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通过材料效率策略减少ICT产品的碳足迹：智能手机的生命周期分析

在生命周期评估模型的支持下，本研究估计了在欧洲实施了不同的材料效率策略的情况下，智能手机的碳足迹（CF）和消费者的生命周期成本（LCC）。结果表明，对智能手机CF的主要贡献归因于材料的提取和加工以及零件的​​后续制造：假设两年更换一次，则为10.7 kg CO _2当量/年/年。印刷线路板，显示器组件和集成电路会产生75％的材料冲击。在CF增加组件（2.7千克CO _2，当量/年），分布（1.9千克CO _2，当量/年），并且该装置的再充电（1.9千克CO _2，当量/年），并在使用寿命结束时减少（−0.8 kg CO _2当量/年）。但是，计算通讯服务中消耗的能量（+26.4 kg CO _2，eq/年）。LCC可能相差很大（每年235-622欧元）。服务合同尤其可以是决定性的成本因素（最多为LCC的61–85％）。据计算，旧设备对新智能手机的1：1位移可能会使CF降低52–79％（不包括通信服务），而LCC降低5–16％。将更换周期从2年延长到3年，这可能会使CF降低23–30％，LCC降低4–10％，具体取决于是否需要维修。提出了实施此类材料效率策略的措施，其结果可帮助决策者了解如何减少与智能手机相关的影响。