Abstract

Environmental policy in the European Union is a hot topic for both practitioners and researchers. Their interests are attracted mainly by the main tool of this policy—emissions trading within the EU ETS. In literature focusing on the impacts of the EU ETS, the EU is usually considered to be a compact unit and its structure is omitted there. In particular, the impacts on a single company (regardless its geographical location), on a sector of industry (regardless the member countries), or on some subset of the involved companies with respect to non-EU competitors are often explored. However, through the eyes of national governments, it is vital for the countries to keep their national industrial sectors competitive not only against companies from countries outside the EU but also from other EU countries. This paper focuses on the influence of the EU ETS on the national steel sectors in the EU and their competitiveness. The hybrid PROMETHEE-DEA approach is used to assess how the price of emission allowance and grandfathering within the EU ETS impact the technical efficiency and competitiveness of these national sectors. The results of this study show that the volatile allowance price influences the efficiency and grandfathering affects the competitiveness of the EU national steel sectors.

摘要

欧盟的环境政策是从业者和研究人员的热门话题。他们的兴趣主要被这一政策的主要工具——欧盟排放交易体系内的排放交易所吸引。在关注欧盟排放交易体系影响的文献中，欧盟通常被认为是一个紧凑的单位，其结构在那里被省略。特别是，经常探讨对单个公司（无论其地理位置如何）、对一个行业（无论成员国）或相关公司的某些子集相对于非欧盟竞争对手的影响。然而，在各国政府看来，各国保持本国工业部门的竞争力至关重要，不仅要与欧盟以外国家的公司竞争，还要与其他欧盟国家的公司竞争。本文重点研究欧盟排放交易体系对欧盟国家钢铁行业的影响及其竞争力。混合 PROMETHEE-DEA 方法用于评估 EU ETS 内排放配额和祖父的价格如何影响这些国家部门的技术效率和竞争力。这项研究的结果表明，波动的配额价格会影响效率，而祖父会影响欧盟国家钢铁行业的竞争力。