Thickening of the Schneiderian membrane (SM, mucosa of the maxillary sinus) appears in the paranasal sinus. Information on SM thickening is available for patients receiving sinus lift treatments, which is a risk factor for SM excretory dysfunction. However, more information is needed on the structure of the SM and the relationship between the maxilla sinus and palatine with the alveolar bone and the SM for dental implant treatment in the human maxilla. One hundred twenty-six sides of the maxilla from 71 cadavers were subjected to cone-beam CT (CBCT) analysis and macroscopic and immunohistochemical observations in this study. A thickened SM was mainly observed in the middle region of the basal layer of the maxillary sinus (MS). Strong calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive reactions were observed in the alveolar bone, oral mucosa, mucosa of the maxillary sinus, and trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells in dentulous samples compared with edentulous samples. TG cells play important roles in delivering CGRP through axons to the mucosal gland and in regulating the maxilla-related thickening of the SM. These data could help determine CGRP functions in the mucosal gland and bone formation between dentulous and edentulous samples and indicate that CGRP may pass from the TG to the maxillary sinus glands.

鼻旁窦出现施奈德膜（SM，上颌窦粘膜）增厚。接受鼻窦提升治疗的患者可以获得有关 SM 增厚的信息，这是 SM 排泄功能障碍的危险因素。然而，需要更多关于 SM 的结构以及上颌窦和腭与牙槽骨之间的关系的信息，以及用于人类上颌牙种植治疗的 SM。在这项研究中，对来自 71 具尸体的上颌骨的 126 侧进行了锥束 CT (CBCT) 分析和宏观和免疫组织化学观察。增厚的 SM 主要在上颌窦 (MS) 基底层的中间区域观察到。在牙槽骨、口腔黏膜、上颌窦黏膜和有牙样本中的三叉神经节 (TG) 细胞与无牙样本比较。TG 细胞在通过轴突将 CGRP 递送至粘膜腺体和调节与上颌相关的 SM 增厚方面发挥重要作用。这些数据可以帮助确定粘膜腺中的 CGRP 功能以及有牙和无牙样本之间的骨形成，并表明 CGRP 可能从 TG 传递到上颌窦腺。