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A first approach to reconstruct the production technology of Zsolnay ceramic panel paintings with oil painting effect
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Pub Date : 2021-03-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102941
Bernadett Bajnóczi , Máté Szabó , Zoltán May , Péter Rostás , Mária Tóth

Colourful and artistic ceramic panel paintings that realistically imitate oil paintings were one of the innovations of the Hungarian Zsolnay ceramic factory. Ten large ceramic panel paintings and two overdoor compositions (each containing three panels) decorated the Saint Stephen Hall in the palace of the Buda Castle (Budapest) established around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. However, the ceramic paintings were destroyed during World War II. In this study, three experimental Zsolnay panel paintings, as preparatory pieces for the original series, were examined to reconstruct the material usage and the production technology. Microanalytical investigation of the samples detached from one of the experimental panel paintings (portrait of King Béla IV) demonstrated that the panel, made of porous ceramic known as pyrogranite, was first covered by a white clay slip layer, and then by a primary white tin glaze layer, which served as a “ground” for the painting. The portrait of King Béla IV and the surrounding golden decorative motifs were created with different technologies. Coloured clay pastes (slips) were used to paint the portrait, which was then covered by a secondary transparent lead glaze, whereas a blue glaze covered by a thin layer of gold paint was applied over the primary glaze of the golden motifs. Non-destructive handheld XRF analysis revealed slight differences between the three experimental panel paintings, particularly in the tin content of the primary glaze layer and the colourants used, which were possibly related to the experimentation performed at the Zsolnay factory before the creation of the final paintings.



中文翻译:

用油画效果重构Zsolnay陶瓷板画生产技术的第一种方法

逼真的模仿油画的彩色艺术艺术品是匈牙利Zsolnay陶瓷厂的创新之一。在19世纪和20世纪之交建立的布达城堡(布达佩斯)宫殿中,圣斯蒂芬大厅(St Stephen Hall)装饰了十幅大型陶瓷面板画和两幅室外构图(每幅包含三幅面板)。但是,陶瓷画在第二次世界大战期间被毁。在这项研究中,检查了三幅实验性的Zsolnay板画,作为原始系列的准备作品,以重建材料的用法和生产技术。从一幅实验性面板绘画(国王贝拉四世的肖像)上分离下来的样品的微观分析研究表明,该面板是由多孔陶瓷制成的,称为焦岩,首先是由白色粘土滑移层覆盖,然后由主要的白锡釉层覆盖,该层用作绘画的“地面”。贝拉四世国王的画像和周围的金色装饰图案是用不同的技术创作的。用彩色的粘土糊(浆)画肖像,然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖肖像,而用金色漆薄层覆盖的蓝釉则涂覆在金色图案的主釉上。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。然后是主要的白锡釉层,作为绘画的“地面”。贝拉四世国王的画像和周围的金色装饰图案是用不同的技术创作的。用彩色的粘土糊(浆)画肖像,然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖肖像,而用金色漆薄层覆盖的蓝釉则涂覆在金色图案的主釉上。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。然后是主要的白锡釉层,作为绘画的“地面”。贝拉四世国王的画像和周围的金色装饰图案是用不同的技术创作的。用彩色的粘土糊(浆)画肖像,然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖肖像,而用金色漆薄层覆盖的蓝釉则涂覆在金色图案的主釉上。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。贝拉四世国王的画像和周围的金色装饰图案是用不同的技术创作的。用彩色的粘土糊(浆)画肖像,然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖肖像,而用金色漆薄层覆盖的蓝釉则涂覆在金色图案的主釉上。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。贝拉四世国王的画像和周围的金色装饰图案是用不同的技术创作的。用彩色的粘土糊(浆)画肖像,然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖肖像,而用金色漆薄层覆盖的蓝釉则涂覆在金色图案的主釉上。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖,然后在金色图案的主釉上涂上一层薄的金漆覆盖的蓝釉。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。然后用次要的透明铅釉覆盖,然后在金色图案的主釉上涂上一层薄的金漆覆盖的蓝釉。非破坏性手持式XRF分析表明,三幅实验面板绘画之间存在细微差异,特别是主要釉层中的锡含量和所用着色剂之间的差异,这可能与Zsolnay工厂在创作最终绘画之前进行的实验有关。

更新日期:2021-03-31
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