The relationship between resilience and vulnerability has been a focus in social-ecological systems (SESs) and disaster risk reduction (DRR), and different outcomes have been found. Some scholars argue that resilience and vulnerability are isolated concepts due to their epistemological origin, while others note the existence of a strong resilience-vulnerability relationship. In summary, there is academic debate about 1) resilience as an antonym of vulnerability, 2) resilience as a factor of vulnerability, and 3) resilience as related to but different from vulnerability. Here, we present an analytical framework based on the dynamic resilience-vulnerability interaction throughout the adaptive cycle of complex systems and disaster process phases. To this end, the evolution of resilience and vulnerability concepts is briefly reviewed. This review shows that resilience can be measured as an outcome in terms of recovery or as attributes composed of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities. Resilience attributes influence vulnerability before, during, and after the disaster, whereas vulnerability influences resilience only after the disturbance when it is measured as an outcome. Our proposal exposes households as SESs whose capital assets are elements that contribute resilience attributes to the system, such as diversity, connectivity, and thresholds, that together constitute the absorptive capacity. We conclude that more than a linear or straightforward relationship, resilience and vulnerability have a dynamic interaction that changes along with the adaptive cycle of SESs and the phases of disasters.

复原力和脆弱性之间的关系一直是社会生态系统（SES）和减少灾害风险（DRR）的重点，并且发现了不同的结果。一些学者认为，复原力和脆弱性由于它们的认识论渊源而成为孤立的概念，而另一些学者则指出，复原力和脆弱性之间存在着很强的关系。总而言之，关于1）弹性是脆弱性的反义词，2）弹性是脆弱性的一个因素，和3）与脆弱性相关但又不同的弹性的学术争论。在这里，我们提出了一个基于复杂系统和灾难过程阶段的自适应循环中的动态复原力-脆弱性相互作用的分析框架。为此，简要回顾了弹性和脆弱性概念的发展。这项审查表明，可以将恢复力作为恢复的结果或由吸收能力，适应能力和变革能力组成的属性来衡量。复原力属性会在灾难发生之前，之中和之后影响脆弱性，而当将脆弱性作为结果衡量时，脆弱性仅在受到干扰后才会影响复原力。我们的建议将住户暴露为SES，其资本资产是构成系统抗灾力的要素，例如多样性，连通性和阈值，这些要素共同构成了吸收能力。我们得出的结论是，抵御能力和脆弱性不仅具有线性或直接的关系，还具有动态相互作用，随着SES的适应性周期和灾难阶段的变化而变化。