ABSTRACT

This study revealed the profile of common bean farmers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and thirty-eight farmers from 24 municipalities were interviewed. We observed that common beans are a key component of agricultural systems in this state, with the number of varieties managed by family varying widely (from one to 11). This variation was influenced by socioeconomic, ecogeographic, and cultural factors. An impressive number of common bean varieties were being managed by farmers who resided at mid-altitude zones and combine subsistence crops with market-oriented cultivation. In three of five mesoregions visited, the traditional agriculture has been affected by climate changes. The majority of farmers who managed low diversity of common beans, and all farmers who stopped growing this crop in recent years resided in these regions. Facing the risk of genetic erosion, farmers, researchers and extension workers involved in this research are building strategies to strengthen the conservation of this local germplasm. Actions are underway with public agencies to enhance the importance of self-consumption cultures for food security, local development and conservation of cultural traditions. Among these, we highlight the publication of Catálogo da Diversidade Feijão-comum do estado do Rio de Janeiro. In addition, an ex-situ conservation agreement was established for the varieties, with a strong participation of custodians, to provide greater security to the local common bean germplasm.

摘要

这项研究揭示了巴西里约热内卢州普通豆农的概况。采访了来自 24 个城市的 138 名农民。我们观察到，普通豆类是该州农业系统的关键组成部分，家庭管理的品种数量差异很大（从 1 个到 11 个）。这种变化受到社会经济、生态地理和文化因素的影响。数量惊人的常见豆类品种由居住在中海拔地区的农民管理，他们将自给作物与以市场为导向的种植相结合。在访问的五个中区中的三个中，传统农业受到气候变化的影响。大多数种植普通豆类品种的农民，以及近年来停止种植这种作物的所有农民都居住在这些地区。面对遗传侵蚀的风险，参与这项研究的农民、研究人员和推广人员正在制定策略以加强对当地种质的保护。公共机构正在采取行动，以提高自我消费文化对粮食安全、地方发展和文化传统保护的重要性。其中，我们重点介绍了Catálogo da Diversidade Feijão-comum do estado do Rio de Janeiro。此外，还签订了品种迁地保护协议，在保管人的大力参与下，为当地普通豆类种质提供了更大的安全保障。