A facile method to produce few-layer graphene (FLG) nanosheets is developed using protein-assisted mechanical exfoliation. The predominant shear forces that are generated in a planetary ball mill facilitate the exfoliation of graphene layers from graphite flakes. The process employs a commonly known protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), which not only acts as an effective exfoliation agent but also provides stability by preventing restacking of the graphene layers. The latter is demonstrated by the excellent long-term dispersibility of exfoliated graphene in an aqueous BSA solution, which exemplifies a common biological medium. The development of such potentially scalable and toxin-free methods is critical for producing cost-effective biocompatible graphene, enabling numerous possible biomedical and biological applications. A methodical study was performed to identify the effect of time and varying concentrations of BSA towards graphene exfoliation. The fabricated product has been characterized using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The BSA-FLG dispersion was then placed in media containing Astrocyte cells to check for cytotoxicity. It was found that lower concentrations of BSA-FLG dispersion had only minute cytotoxic effects on the Astrocyte cells.

利用蛋白质辅助机械剥离开发了一种生产少层石墨烯（FLG）纳米片的简便方法。行星式球磨机中产生的主要剪切力促进石墨烯层从石墨片上剥离。该过程采用了一种众所周知的蛋白质——牛血清白蛋白（BSA），它不仅可以作为有效的剥离剂，还可以通过防止石墨烯层重新堆叠来提供稳定性。后者通过剥离石墨烯在 BSA 水溶液（常见生物介质）中优异的长期分散性得到证明。开发这种潜在可扩展且无毒的方法对于生产具有成本效益的生物相容性石墨烯至关重要，从而实现许多可能的生物医学和生物应用。进行了一项系统研究，以确定时间和不同浓度的 BSA 对石墨烯剥离的影响。使用拉曼光谱、粉末 X 射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对制造的产品进行了表征。然后将 BSA-FLG 分散体置于含有星形胶质细胞的培养基中以检查细胞毒性。结果发现，较低浓度的 BSA-FLG 分散液对星形胶质细胞仅具有微小的细胞毒性作用。