Nanobubbles have attracted considerable attention in various industrial applications due to their exceptionally long lifetime and their potential as carriers at the nanoscale. The stability and physiochemical properties of nanobubbles are highly sensitive to the presence of surfactants that can lower their surface tension or improve their electrostatic stabilization. Herein, we report real-time observations of the dynamic behaviors of nanobubbles in the presence of soluble surfactants. Using liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with multi-chamber graphene liquid cells, bulk nanobubbles and surface nanobubbles were observed in the same imaging condition. Our direct observations of nanobubbles indicate that stable gas transport frequently occurs without interfaces merging, while a narrow distance is maintained between the interfaces of interacting surfactant-laden nanobubbles. Our results also elucidate that the interface curvature of nanobubbles is an important factor that determines their interfacial stability.

纳米气泡由于其超长的寿命和作为纳米级载体的潜力而在各种工业应用中引起了相当大的关注。纳米气泡的稳定性和理化性质对表面活性剂的存在高度敏感，表面活性剂可以降低其表面张力或提高其静电稳定性。在此，我们报告了在可溶性表面活性剂存在下对纳米气泡动态行为的实时观察。使用液相透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和多室石墨烯液体细胞，在相同的成像条件下观察到大量纳米气泡和表面纳米气泡。我们对纳米气泡的直接观察表明，稳定的气体传输经常发生而没有界面合并，而相互作用的载有表面活性剂的纳米气泡的界面之间保持狭窄的距离。我们的结果还阐明了纳米气泡的界面曲率是决定其界面稳定性的重要因素。