Bone defects resulting from trauma, surgery, congenital malformations, and other factors are among the most common health problems nowadays. Although current strategies such as autografts and allografts are recognized as the most successful treatments for stimulating bone regeneration, limitations such as graft source and complications still exist. SmartBone® is a xeno-hybrid bone graft (made from bovine bone matrix, poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone), and gelatin) with a positive clinical record for bone regeneration. In this study, the formulation for designing xeno-hybrid bone grafts using gelatins from different sources (bovine- and porcine-derived gelatin, with bone grafts named SBN and SPK, respectively) was investigated, and the biological responses were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that gelatins from both bovine and porcine sources can be loaded onto SmartBone® successfully and safely, withstanding the aggressive manufacturing processes. Different bone cell responses were observed in vitro. SBN was found to enhance osteocalcin secretion while SPK was found to upregulate osteopontin from human osteoblasts. In vivo, both bone grafts promoted osteogenesis, but SPK degraded earlier than SBN. Our findings suggest that SBN and SPK provide different yet comparable solutions for optimizing the bone resorption and regeneration balance. These xeno-hybrid bone grafts possess ideal potential for bone defect repairing.

由外伤、手术、先天性畸形和其他因素导致的骨缺损是当今最常见的健康问题之一。尽管目前的自体移植和同种异体移植等策略被认为是刺激骨再生最成功的治疗方法，但移植来源和并发症等限制仍然存在。SmartBone® 是一种异种混合骨移植物（由牛骨基质、聚（L-乳酸-co -ε-己内酯）和明胶制成），具有积极的骨再生临床记录。在本研究中，研究了使用不同来源的明胶（牛和猪衍生的明胶，分别使用名为 SBN 和 SPK 的骨移植物）设计异种混合骨移植物的配方，并评估了生物反应体外和体内。结果表明，来自牛和猪的明胶可以成功且安全地装载到 SmartBone® 上，并且能够承受苛刻的制造过程。在体外观察到不同的骨细胞反应。发现 SBN 可增强骨钙素分泌，而 SPK 可上调人成骨细胞的骨桥蛋白。在体内，两种骨移植物均促进成骨，但 SPK 比 SBN 更早降解。我们的研究结果表明，SBN 和 SPK 为优化骨吸收和再生平衡提供了不同但可比较的解决方案。这些异种混合骨移植物具有修复骨缺损的理想潜力。