Voltage pulse-driven switching of nano-magnets has gained distinct attention because of its high-speed writing with ultralow power consumption. One of the key advantages is that the external voltage applied to a nano-magnet reduces the magnetic anisotropy energy and excites a precessional motion of magnetization. By adjusting the duration and amplitude of the voltage pulse, a switching probability close to 50% can be attained, suggesting that the magnetic state of nano-magnets can be used as a source for generating binary random numbers (RNs) in principle. Because the bi-directional switching of nano-magnets is induced by unipolar voltage pulses, which is essentially different from the case of spin transfer torque (STT) switching, the results are a mixture of two switching polarities: from parallel (“0” state) to antiparallel (“1” state) and vice versa. Here, we focus our attention on the appearance probabilities of four cases, “00,” “01,” “10,” and “11,” all of which change linearly as functions of voltage. By tuning the probabilities of “00” or “11” to 25%, well-balanced RNs can be generated. A clear advantage of the voltage-pulse driven random number generator (RNG) over the conventional STT-driven one is lower consumption, which enables integration and heavily parallel operations of a large number of RNGs.

中文翻译：

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电压脉冲诱导的纳米磁体开关随机数发生器的最新进展：一个观点

电压脉冲驱动的纳米磁铁开关由于其高速写入和超低功耗而受到了广泛的关注。关键优势之一是，施加到纳米磁铁上的外部电压会降低磁各向异性能并激发磁化的进动运动。通过调节电压脉冲的持续时间和幅度，可以获得接近50％的开关概率，这表明，纳米磁体的磁态原则上可以用作生成二进制随机数（RNs）的来源。因为纳米磁体的双向切换是由单极性电压脉冲感应的，这与自旋转移转矩（STT）切换的情况本质上不同，所以结果是两种切换极性的混合：从并行（“ 0”状态）到反并行（“ 1”状态），反之亦然。在此，我们将注意力集中在“ 00”，“ 01”，“ 10”和“ 11”这四种情况的出现概率上，它们均随电压线性变化。通过将“ 00”或“ 11”的概率调整为25％，可以生成平衡良好的RN。电压脉冲驱动随机数生成器（RNG）相对于传统STT驱动的随机数生成器的明显优势是更低的功耗，这使得大量RNG的集成和高度并行操作成为可能。