ABSTRACT

This literature review provides an overview of the various modern approaches in talent programs for the context of schools and sports reported in scientific journals (2009–2019) and presents their similarities and differences and options for cross-pollination between contexts. This is a first attempt to overarch contexts regarding talent identification and development. Searches in 12 databases yielded 31 studies. Similarities and differences between contexts were distilled through a qualitative content analysis and described for the identification of talent and talent development. Based on these results, it is suggested that school contexts might benefit from including a talent transfer pathway, differentiating for maturity-level and sex, emphasizing on deliberate practice, monitoring load-ability, and applying acceleration, which are proposed approaches in the sport context. Furthermore, several approaches from the school context could enhance talent programs in sport, including universal screening, paying attention to underserved populations, focusing on creativity and enrichment as well as enhancing the accountability and education level of trainers/coaches. Future studies need to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of approaches in practice. Moreover, the search could be expanded to other countries to establish a more global view while examining national patterns regarding policy and funding contexts in which programs are located.

摘要

这篇文献综述概述了科学期刊（2009-2019 年）中针对学校和体育背景的人才计划的各种现代方法，并介绍了它们的异同以及背景之间交叉授粉的选择。这是对有关人才识别和发展的总体背景的首次尝试。对 12 个数据库的搜索产生了 31 项研究。通过定性内容分析提炼出背景之间的异同，并进行描述以识别人才和人才发展。基于这些结果，建议学校环境可能受益于包括人才转移途径、区分成熟度和性别、强调刻意练习、监测负荷能力和应用加速，这是在体育背景下提出的方法。此外，学校环境中的几种方法可以加强体育人才计划，包括普遍筛选、关注服务不足的人群、注重创造力和丰富性以及提高培训师/教练的问责制和教育水平。未来的研究需要评估实践中方法的有效性和可行性。此外，搜索可以扩展到其他国家，以建立更全球化的视野，同时检查有关计划所在的政策和资金背景的国家模式。注重创造力和丰富性，并加强培训师/教练的责任感和教育水平。未来的研究需要评估实践中方法的有效性和可行性。此外，搜索可以扩展到其他国家，以建立更全球化的视野，同时检查有关计划所在的政策和资金背景的国家模式。注重创造力和丰富性，并加强培训师/教练的责任感和教育水平。未来的研究需要评估实践中方法的有效性和可行性。此外，搜索可以扩展到其他国家，以建立更全球化的视野，同时检查有关计划所在的政策和资金背景的国家模式。