ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic changes to sleep patterns and higher prevalence of insomnia, which threaten overall mental and physical health. We examined whether safety behaviors in response to COVID-19, worry in response to COVID-19, and depression predicted insomnia, with age, race, and sex as covariates. A community sample from the United States (n = 321, Mage = 40.02, SD = 10.54; 53.6% female) recruited using online crowdsourcing completed self-report measures in May of 2020 and again three months later. At baseline, our model accounted for 68.1% of the variance in insomnia, with depression as the only significant predictor (β = .70, p < .001). In the longitudinal analyses, only baseline insomnia symptoms predicted 3-month follow-up insomnia symptoms (β = .70, p < .001; 67.1% of variance). Of note, COVID-19 worry and some COVID-19 safety behaviors were related to 3-month follow-up safety behaviors, but not insomnia. Our findings demonstrated that depression is an important factor to consider for concurrent insomnia symptoms. Our results have implications regarding the development of interventions for insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that clinicians should consider depression when assessing for and treating insomnia symptoms.

 抽象的

COVID-19 大流行导致睡眠模式发生巨大变化，失眠症患病率上升，威胁到整体身心健康。我们以年龄、种族和性别作为协变量，研究了针对 COVID-19 的安全行为、针对 COVID-19 的担忧以及抑郁是否可以预测失眠。通过在线众包招募的来自美国的社区样本（ n = 321， M年龄 = 40.02， SD = 10.54；53.6% 为女性）于 2020 年 5 月完成了自我报告措施，三个月后再次完成了自我报告。在基线时，我们的模型解释了失眠方差的 68.1%，其中抑郁症是唯一显着的预测因子 (β = .70, p < .001)。在纵向分析中，只有基线失眠症状可以预测 3 个月的随访失眠症状（β = .70， p < .001；方差为 67.1%）。值得注意的是，对 COVID-19 的担忧和一些 COVID-19 安全行为与 3 个月的随访安全行为有关，但与失眠无关。我们的研究结果表明，抑郁是并发失眠症状时需要考虑的一个重要因素。我们的研究结果对于在 COVID-19 大流行期间制定失眠干预措施具有重要意义，并建议临床医生在评估和治疗失眠症状时应考虑抑郁症。