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100 Years of meteorology at Imperial College
Weather ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 , DOI: 10.1002/wea.3951
Ralf Toumi 1
Affiliation  

On 16 December 2020 we virtually celebrated 100 years of meteorology at Imperial. Curiously the world was in its fourth wave of the Spanish Flu when Sir Napier Shaw was appointed as the first Professor of Meteorology in 1920. Later Imperial College created the first Meteorology Department in the UK.

Prof. Joanna Haigh, CBE, FRS (Imperial) started proceedings by taking us back to the origin of scientific enquiry in South Kensington, which really can be dated back to the Great Exhibition of 1851 and included the creation of the Met Office HQ on Exhibition Road (Figure 1). She then went through a roll call of some of the giants in the field including Sir Napier Shaw (contributing the tephigram), Sir Gilbert Walker (monsoon and tropical circulations), Sir David Brunt (atmospheric stability), Frank Ludlam (clouds), Eric Eady (dynamics), Sir John Mason (cloud physics) and Richard Scorer (dynamics). She unearthed some fascinating documents showing the cost of establishing the department (modest!) and the first curriculum, which also included an atmospheric electricity course by Charles Wilson (of cloud chamber fame).

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Figure 1
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The Meteorological Office headquarters, Exhibition Road, South Kensington. This was the headquarters from November 1910 until November 1919.

Prof. Sir Brian Hoskins, CBE FRS (Imperial/Reading) explored in more detail the development of the mathematical dynamical theories of Eady, which were then further developed by Bob Pearce and John Green. This stream of highly original work contributed to understanding of the general circulation and the role of eddies.

In the next stage of evolution, the department merged into Physics and Prof. John Marshall, FRS (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) picked up the thread. He gave a personal account of his inspiration by Green to take up the field and the influence of the atmospheric convection work by Martin Miller and Mitchell Moncrieff to influence the creation of his ocean model.

Dr Edward Gryspeerdt (Imperial) focused on the cloud work and the seminal work by Mason and Ludlam to further understand cloud formation, the growth of cloud droplets and electrification. He also showed the ‘genealogy’ of past supervisors and their students as they moved on throughout the world.

Finally, Dr Helen Brindley (Imperial/Reading) brought us to the present work on satellite Earth observation and the study of the radiation budget, which can be traced back to Richard Scorer, who examined cloud images. The satellite instrumental work was established by John Harries and continues today. The distinguished alumni that joined the virtual meeting and contributed during the chat are a reminder that it was an impossible task to capture the work and impact of all. I do encourage readers to read the essay by Ken Bignell on the history of the department from 1920–197511 https://www.imperial.ac.uk/space‐and‐atmospheric‐physics/history/32
and catch up on the excellent recording of the meeting online.22 https://bit.ly/34lYtfO3334
For me, the meeting was a humbling experience.



中文翻译:

帝国理工学院100年的气象学

2020年12月16日,我们几乎在帝国饭店庆祝了100周年的气象学。奇怪的是,纳皮尔·肖爵士(Napier Shaw)爵士在1920年被任命为第一位气象学教授时,世界正处在第四次西班牙流感流行中。后来,帝国理工学院在英国创立了第一所气象学系。

乔布斯·海格(Joanna Haigh),帝国商业银行(帝国)的研究人员从我们回到南肯辛顿科学探究的起源开始了这项工作,这实际上可以追溯到1851年的大展览,并包括成立了大都会办公室展览总部路(图1)。然后,她经历了该领域的一些巨人的唱名,包括纳皮尔·肖爵士(贡献天象),吉尔伯特·沃克爵士(季风和热带环流),大卫·布鲁特爵士(大气稳定性),弗兰克·卢德拉姆(云),埃里克Eady(动力学),John Mason爵士(云物理)和Richard Scorer(动力学)。她发掘了一些引人入胜的文件,这些文件显示了建立该部门的成本(适中!)和第一个课程,其中还包括Charles Wilson(云室声望)的大气电力课程。

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图1
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南肯辛顿展览路气象局总部。这是1910年11月至1919年11月的总部。

CBE FRS(帝国/阅读)教授Brian Hoskins爵士更详细地探讨了Eady的数学动力学理论的发展,然后Bob Bob和John Green进一步发展了这些理论。这一系列极富原创性的工作有助于理解总体发行和涡流的作用。

在下一阶段的发展中,该系合并为物理系,FRS(麻萨诸塞理工学院)的John Marshall教授对此进行了研究。他亲自介绍了格林的灵感启发来从事这一领域,以及马丁·米勒(Martin Miller)和米切尔·蒙克里夫(Mitchell Moncrieff)对流工作的影响,以影响他的海洋模型的创建。

Edward Gryspeerdt博士(帝国)专注于云工作以及Mason和Ludlam的开创性工作,以进一步了解云的形成,云滴的生长和电气化。他还展示了过去的主管和他们的学生在世界各地迁移时的“家谱”。

最后,海伦·布林德利(Helen Brindley)博士(帝国/雷丁)将我们带到了目前关于卫星地球观测和辐射预算研究的工作,这可以追溯到检查云图像的理查德·斯科特(Richard Scorer)。卫星乐器工作由约翰·哈里斯(John Harries)建立,并一直持续到今天。参加虚拟会议并在聊天过程中做出贡献的杰出校友提醒我们,要抓住所有人的工作和影响是一项不可能的任务。我鼓励读者阅读肯·比格内尔(Ken Bignell)关于该部门1920–1975年历史的论文11 https://www.imperial.ac.uk/space-and-atmospheric-physics/history/32
并赶上网上精彩的会议记录。2个2 https://bit.ly/34lYtfO3334
对我而言,这次会议是一次令人沮丧的经历。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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