Urban waterfront open spaces are important gateways that reflect the image and characteristics of the city, and assessing their vitality has become a priority of studies in recent years. However, the data traditionally used to quantify the vitality of waterfront open spaces are often subjective and costly and laborious to procure. A method involving big data - real-time Tencent user density - has been proposed and demonstrated using Shanghai as a case study. We investigated how the site design, traffic accessibility, surrounding population, and service facilities of open spaces affected the density and stability of waterfront open space users. We used structural equation model to test four hypotheses of the relationship about above four aspects and the vitality. The results showed that the site design, surrounding population, and service facilities had significantly positive effect; traffic accessibility showed a negative effect on the vitality. The study findings could offer insights that are relevant to planning and design of urban waterfronts.

城市滨水开放空间是反映城市形象和特征的重要门户，评估其生命力已成为近年来研究的重点。然而，传统上用于量化滨水开放空间的生命力的数据通常是主观的，并且采购成本高昂且费力。提出了一种涉及大数据的方法-实时腾讯用户密度-并以上海为例进行了演示。我们调查了场地设计，交通通达性，周围人口以及开放空间的服务设施如何影响滨水开放空间用户的密度和稳定性。我们使用结构方程模型来检验关于以上四个方面与生命力的关系的四个假设。结果表明，场地设计，周围人口，服务设施产生了明显的积极影响；交通可及性对活力产生负面影响。研究结果可以提供与城市滨水区规划和设计有关的见解。