Railways play a crucial role in sustainable development of transport systems contributing to the economic growth of every country. To maximize their potential, railways must monitor their progress towards sustainability. Key performance indicators are a tool for assessing the sustainability of railways. This study aims to present a comprehensive set of indicators for railway sustainability and to introduce a new approach to their analysis. For this purpose, the indicators have been grouped according to sustainability themes and pillars, while the new approach to assess their impact is based on a two-stage process - correlation analysis and a DEA model. The obtained results show the strong correlation between the indicators and their mutual impacts. Moreover, this study presents the current status of the efficiency of the railways by evaluating it against selected indicators.

铁路在促进各国经济增长的交通运输系统的可持续发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。为了最大限度地发挥其潜力，铁路必须监控其在可持续发展方面的进展。关键绩效指标是评估铁路可持续性的工具。本研究旨在提出一套全面的铁路可持续性指标，并引入一种新的分析方法。为此，指标已根据可持续性主题和支柱进行分组，而评估其影响的新方法则基于两阶段过程——相关性分析和 DEA 模型。得到的结果表明，指标之间存在很强的相关性，并且相互影响。而且，